El Nguva yeDevonia yakaumba chimwe chezvikamu zvishanu zvakave nenguva yePaleozoic. Iyi nguva yakanga iine huwandu hwakawanda hweshanduko padanho repasi uye zvipenyu pasi rese. Yakagara makore angangoita mamirioni makumi mashanu nematanhatu uye mapoka akasiyana emhuka akakwanisa kusimukira, kunyanya avo vari munzvimbo yegungwa. Paivewo neshanduko munzvimbo dzekugara dzemhuka dzepasi, pakaonekwa zvakare michero mikuru uye yekutanga mhuka mhuka. Iyo Devoni fauna Yaizivikanwa kuve yakanyanya kutasva mabhiza nekure. Kunyangwe iyi nguva ichinzi ine chiitiko chekutsakatika uko zvinopfuura makumi masere muzana zvemarudzi zvakanyangarika.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve mhuka dzeDevonia.
Kukura kwemhuka dzeDevonia
Iyi nguva yaive yakakwana kusimudzira hupenyu. Uye ndezvekuti tembiricha dzainyanya kufadza panguva ino uye dzakabvumidza kusimudzira kwakanaka kwemhuka nemiti. Makungwa ese aivapo panguva iyi aive nemhando yepamusoro yekurarama. Uye ndezvekuti mumakungwa idzi mhando dzechinyakare dzakadai semasiponji dzinogona kukura. Siliceous sponge marudzi akatanga kuoneka uye nekubudirira pamakorari matombo ivo vakakwanisa kugadzira akasiyana magadzirirwo. Masiponji ane siliceous ane kuramba kukuru kumamiriro ekunze uye kuvapo kwezvikara.
Coral reef uye benthic algae zvakare yakaita chinzvimbo chakakosha mukusimudzira kwemahombekombe morphology.. Reef yakakura yakatambanudzwa panguva iyoyo kubva chinhambwe chezviuru zvemakiromita chakamisa nyika yese. Mhuka dzeDevonia dzaive neimwe yeshanduko huru kwazvo muzvinhu zvemumvura sekuonekwa kwemhuka dzektoniki. Mazhinji emhando idzi nyowani dzemhuka dzaive zvikara.
Kana paine kuvandudzwa kutsva kwechisikwa kana kuchinjika kune zvakatipoteredza, kumanikidza kunoitwa pane trophic cheni. Ndokunge, kana paine matsva matsva anovhima mhuka dzawo, inokurudzira hunhu hutsva mumarudzi ayo anoda kutiza uye kutiza kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ari mapenyu. Izvi zvinoshandura kuita inguva yekushanduka uye kugadzirisa kune mamiriro matsva anogadzira kusiyaniswa kwemajini emhuka nezvirimwa.
Mune zvisikwa zvemumvura tinoratidzira zvakare kusimudzira kwekusiyana kwemakonzo kuchikonzera maammonoid ekutanga kuoneka. Aya maammoniyidi anouya kubva mukushanduka kwemautiloid panguva yemhuka dzeZasi dzeDevonia. Iyo nautiloid yakaramba ichidaro kunyangwe paive nemisiyano mishoma uye kuwanda.
Aquatic Devonia fauna
Munzvimbo dzine mvura yakachena, mabivalve akatanga kuwanda uye kupinda. Panguva iyoyo ma trilobite akatanga kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kunyange hazvo mhando nyowani dzehupenyu dzichiri kuoneka. Paive nemamwe matirobiti mahombe. Kune rimwe divi, isu taive neyurypterid arthropods, iyo yakaramba iri boka rakakosha kwazvo remhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka.
Munguva yekuwedzera uku mhuka dzemumvura dzeDevonia dzaive nekuyedza mukukura kwehove. Kunyanya yaive ma placoderms uye mashark, vese maosteichthians uye sarcopterygians, kubva kwakatorwa zvipuka zvepanyika, senge actinopterygians. Iri boka rekupedzisira ndere iro parizvino rakanyanya mumakungwa. Kune masayendisiti anoziva mhuka dzeDevonia sezera rehove. Izvi imhaka yekuti pane zvakasarudzika uye zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka zvisaririra zvezvasara zvehove idzi, mazhinji acho ari mumvura yemvura yakachena.
Panguva ino coelacanths akatodanana. Pakati-mhuka dzeDevonia, ma placoderms akatanga kukunda ostracoderms. Izvi zvinoita kuti Ichthyostega uye Acanthostega isimuke kubva kusarcopterygian dzinza. Aya magenera maviri akabatana nekushandurwa kwehove kuenda kumatetrapods. Iyi shanduko yenhoroondo yakaitwa panguva yeshanduko pakati pemhuka dzeDevonia neiyo Nguva yeCarboniferous.
Kumwe kwekusahadzika kukuru kuripo pamusoro pehove idzi ndechekuti aive emvura yakachena kana yemvura yegungwa. Kusahadzika uku kunobva mukuti hove zhinji dzemvura yakachena dzakawanikwa mumadonhwe ematombo matsvuku ekare. Iyi nharaunda ndeyepasi uye inoumbwa nekuvharwa kwegungwa reIapetus. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusahadzika uye hove idzi dzaive dzemvura nyoro kana yegungwa. Zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvinopihwa zvehove izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nenzira dzegungwa, kunyangwe mazhinji acho ihove dzemusiriuri dzemumvura. Kubva ipapo, kwakasiyana mapoka ehove.
Nyika kukoroni
Chimwe chimiro chikuru chinoita kuti mhuka dzeDevonia dzionekwe ndeye kukoloniwa kwenyika. Munguva ye Nguva yeSilurian arthropods pamwe akapinda munyika. Nekudaro, iyo yekutanga data inouya kubva mukuumbwa kweKazasi Devonia Rhynie Chert weScotland. Ruzivo urwu rwune nharaunda yese yezvirimwa uye arthropods izvo zvakapa ruzivo rwakakura nezve echinyakare ecology yekutanga nharaunda dzepasi.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemiti dzakabatsira arthropods, kusanganisira zvinyavada, mite, uye zvipembenene zvine mapapiro, kukudziridza uye kuva necosystem yakakodzera. Marine uye akachena mvura arthropods yaifanirwa kushanduka kuita masisitimu epasi nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwekufema kwemhepo. Nekudaro, zvinonetsa kumisikidza nedhairekodhi rekodhi data kuti pane kujeka kwakaringana pamusoro pechisungo chekuuya kwezvipfukuto, zvinyavada uye centipedes kune zvipenyu zvepasi pano. Ese maarthropods nhasi ane vana vakasiyana zvakasiyana uye anochinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza nekutenda nekuvandudzika kwemasvositi zvirimwa.
Asati pakuonekwa kwemhuka dzemhuka, pasi rose rechinyakare raigara nevanhu vane arthropods. Pane imwe nharo inoenderera ichipararira pamusoro pesainzi nyika uye inobata nenguva iyo ma vertebrate paakabuda mumvura uye zvikonzero zvakavasundidzira kudaro. Izvo zvinofanirwa kubvumwa kuti zvinonetsa kufunga kuti mhuka ine gungwa ecosystem inozopedzisira yagadzira kugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo iyo yaisina kugara uye isingade kurarama futi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peDevonia fauna.