Kubva sainzi payakavandudza, pasi rakachinja nekusvetuka-svetuka. Iko kuvandudzwa kweruzivo muhuwandu hwefizikisi, kemesitiri, bhayoroji uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakabvumidza vanhu kuti vave nehupenyu hwakasiyana zvachose kupfuura hwavaingoita mazana mashoma apfuura. Nhasi tichataura nezve musayendisiti akaisa mucherechedzo pamberi nepashure uye akatanga kuvapo kwequantum dzidziso. Ndezve Max Plank.
Uyu musayendisiti akapihwa mubairo weNobel uye anoonekwa semusiki mukuru wedzidziso inotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwesainzi pasirese. Iwe unoda kuziva zvinoitwa uye nhoroondo yaMax Planck? Ramba uchiverenga nekuti zvinonakidza uye zvinoda kuziva.
Max Planck aive ani?
Zita rake rakazara ndiMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck. Ndiye musayendisiti wechiGerman akazvarwa muna Kubvumbi 23, 1858 muKiel. Akanga ari muongorori akakura akadzidza kumayunivhesiti eMunich neBerlin kwaakagadzira mirau yese yekumutsa fizikisi yazvino. Muna 1885 akagadzwa semupurofesa wefizikiki paUniversity yeKiel uye gare gare muna 1889 akaenda kuYunivhesiti yeBerlin kwaaishanda semupurofesa kusvika 1928.
Munguva yekutsvaga kwake, aiongorora hunhu hwesimba uye mashandiro aro. Iko kubuda kwechiedza, iyo yemagetsi mhedzisiro, kushanda kwesimba kuyerera mune zvakasiyana zvipenyu, nezvimwe. Muna 1900 akakwanisa kumisa kufamba kwesimba. Uye ndezvekuti simba riri kupenya zvakasiyana, hakusi kuenderera kunoenderera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chesimba chinozivikanwa se zvingani. Izvo zvinobva pazita iri iro rakanzi quantum dzidziso.
Iyi quantum dzidziso yakatanga kubudirira munharaunda yesainzi uye kubvumidza kutsanangurwa kwezvakawanda zviitiko zvaisazivikanwa kusvika ipapo. Ndipo apo, achienderera mberi nekuferefeta kwake, akakwanisa kuwana kugara kwechisiko kwese. Kubva ipapo isu tinozviziva sekugara kwaPlanck. Nekuda kwekuwanikwa uku, nhasi zvinokwanisika kuziva zvakawanda nezvekushanda kwesimba uye zviuru zvekuverenga zvinofambiswa, nekuti ichi chinhu chinogara chisingachinjiki.
Quantum dzidziso
Pfungwa yaPlanck yehuwandu inoti izvo simba iro rinowanikwa neuwandu hwese rakaenzana neiyo radiation frequency inowedzerwa nekugara kwese. Ndokunge, iri kutiratidza iwo masimba ane simba eiyo yega huwandu kana chimwe nechimwe chinhu chesimba kuyerera. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kuti uzive mashandiro emagetsi anoyerera emidziyo uye kunyangwe zviyero zvesimba mune zvakasikwa.
Zvaakawana hazvina kukanganisa dzidziso yekutanga yekuti radiation inofamba mumasaisai. Mushure mekufunda kwakawanda kwakatevera, vesaenzi vava kufunga kuti magetsi emagetsi anofamba nekubatanidza zvimiro zvemasaisai nezvidimbu.
Semazuva ese panowanikwa kutsva kutsva kunotyora zvese zvakamisikidzwa (ona Iyo Continental Drift Dzidziso) inotanga kurambwa nesainzi nharaunda. Nharo dzakakosha uye dzisina chokwadi uye humbowo hunodiwa kuti uone zvauri kutaura nezvazvo. Naizvozvo, zvakawanikwa zvakaitwa naPlanck ivo gare gare vakasimbiswa neongororo dzemamwe masayendisiti. Kutenda kune izvi zvakawanikwa, fizikisi yakatanga kushanda mune rakasiyana zvachose uye rakasimukira munda. Iyi fizikisi yefizikiki inozivikanwa seyumamu makanika uye ndiyo inoseta ruzivo rwese rwakakosha kudzidza simba reatomiki. Kana zvese zvirimo mupasi redu zvakagadzirwa nemaatomu nemamorekuru, kuziva simba ravo uye mashandiro ainoita zvakakosha.
Mu 1905 akaziva kukosha kwemafungiro aAlbert Einstein pamagetsi emagetsi. Vaviri vakabatana mumabasa avo ese safizikisi aishanda kugadzirisa nyika iyoyo.
Max Planck naAlbert Einstein
Sezvo Planck aisakwanisa kuendesa kure kure pane zvaakawana, yakashanda senheyo yemamwe masayendisiti saEinstein kugadzira dzidziso zhinji. Muna 1905, Einstein akaburitsa dzidziso inozivikanwa seye photoelectric mhedzisiro nekuverenga kwaPlanck nekutsvaga. Akakwanisa kuratidza kuti magetsi akabatidzwa zvikamu zvinokwanisa kutora uye kuburitsa simba rakaenzana sekuwanda kwechiedza kana radiation.
Aya ehuwandu hwezvakange zvave kuramba zvichikosha munyika yefizikiki kusvikira, muna 1930, dzaive hwaro hwese hwesainzi nyowani. Nezvakawanikwa naPlanck uye zvakagadzirisa nyika yefizikiki, akahwina mibairo yakawanda, pakati payo iri Mubayiro weNobel muFizikiki. Akabudirira muna 1918. Pamusoro pezvo, muna 1930, paakapedza basa rake paUniversity yeBerlin, akasarudzwa semutungamiri weKaiser William Society yeAdvanced of Science. Gare gare yainzi Max Planck Society.
Panguva iyoyo Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga uye Planck akarwisana naHitler nekuda kwekushora hutongi hweNazi. Panguva dzinoverengeka aifanirwa kureverera vamwe vake vechiJuda kuti vavabatsire. Aifanirwa kusiya musangano muna 1933 kuti ave mutungamiri kana Hondo Yenyika II yapera.
Kutambura nekusimudzira
Hazvisi zvese izvo Max Planck aive nazvo muhupenyu hwake zvaive zvakanaka. Aifanirawo kutambura uye kubata nematambudziko mazhinji. Chekutanga ndechekuti, muna 1909 aine makore makumi mashanu, akatambura kufa kwemukadzi wake mushure memakore makumi maviri nemaviri ekuroora. Akasiya vanakomana vaviri nevanasikana vaviri mapatya. Dangwe rakafira muhondo yakaitika panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga muna 1916. Vanasikana vaviri ava vakafa vachisununguka uye imba yavo yakaparadzwa muna 1944 nemabhomba.
Kunze kweizvi zvese, sekunge izvo zvaive zvisina kukwana, mwanakomana wekupedzisira akabatanidzwa mumhosva yakanangana nehupenyu hwaHitler uye akafa nenzira inotyisa muna 1945. Aifanira kurarama mhuri yake yese kusvika, nemukadzi wake wechipiri nemwanasikana kubva pane izvi, vakatamira kuGöttingen, kwaakafira musi waGumiguru 4, 1947 pazera ramakore makumi mapfumbamwe.
Ndinovimba iwe wakafarira iyi biography yaMax Planck.