Kana paine chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvacho kana munhu ari kuda kuziva kana kwete, iko kwasvika kumwedzi kana, zvirinani, kusiya nyika yedu uye kugara kwechinguva muchadenga. Kuburitsa ruzivo kubva kunze kunova kwakakosha kune vanhu maererano nekushanda kwenyika yedu pamwe neiyo Solar system uye zvakasikwa zvese. Kusvika izvi, pakupera kwaChikunguru 1960, NASA yakazivisa kuti iyo Apollo Chirongwa yakatangwa. Iyo Apollo mamishini Ivo vave vachizivikanwa pasi rese uye zvakanyanya zvakapfuura, pakanga paine chishuwo chikuru cheruzivo nezve zvese nezvevanhu.
Muchinyorwa chino tichaenda kupfupisa hunhu hweApollo mamishini uye kukosha kwavakave nako mukuwanikwa kwesainzi.
Apollo Chirongwa
Pakutanga kwekusikwa kweiyo Apollo Chirongwa, zvaingofungidzirwa kuti ichave iri mhando yerwendo yekutsvaga yakanakisa nzvimbo kumhara pamwedzi. Chinhu chakakosha zvakadaro, asi panguva imwechete, zvine njodzi hazvifanirwe kutorwa zvishoma. Ndokureva, isu tanga tichitaura nezvemunhu akatsika imwe nzvimbo yaive isiri yedu nyika, asi nyeredzi yedu, mwedzi. Kune iyi feat isu taida kugadzirira kuenda kunotsvaga nzvimbo kwayo kuitira kuti irege kukonzera matambudziko.
Zvese izvi yaive nzira yekutanga. Zvisinei, gare gare pakanga paine kumanikidza kwakawanda pamujaho wemuchadenga uye kusashivirira kuti munhu atsike mwedzi nekukasira. Izvi zvakatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti mamishinari eApollo anga asina kuitirwa nzvimbo yekumhara, asi chirongwa chaicho chekuti munhu atsike pamwedzi kekutanga.
Panguva idzodzo, purezidhendi weUnited States aive John F. Kennedy, Hondo inotonhora yakanga ichitowedzera nekuda kweUSSR. Mutungamiri uyu ndiye akazivisa pasi rose kuti munhu achasvika kumwedzi kupera kwema60 uye achadzoka akadzikama. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti mamishinari aApollo akatanga kuve nefariro yepasirese uye nhau dzese dzakateverwa nechido.
Apollo 11, iro rinozivikanwa basa
Ndiani asati ambonzwa ngano yeApollo 11 mishoni? Yakanga iri yezve mishoni iyo yakazopedzisira yaunza munhu kumwedzi (kunyangwe izvi zvichinyanyo kubvunzwa nhasi kuti yaive yakakwana montage). Zvakaitika muna Chikunguru 20, 1969, naRichard Nixon semutungamiri. Iyo Apollo 11 mishoni yaive iyo yakakwanisa kumhara pamwedzi nevasayeri vaviri vari mungarava, Neil Armstrong naEdwin Buzz Aldrin. Mumwe wake waaigara naye aifanira kugara muchikepe achichengetedza kutenderera kwakatenderedza Nyika.
Murume wekutanga kutsika mwedzi uye uyo, saka, akatora zvese zvakafanira uye mukurumbira wake, aive Neil Armstrong. Naizvozvo, pamwe hauna kumbonzwa nezvemumwe wake. Vanopfuura mamirioni mazana mashanu evanhu vakakwanisa kuona kuuya kwemunhu pamwedzi paterevhizheni dzavo.
Chirongwa chaApollo hachina kungova nebasa iri chete, asi chaive nezvakawanda zvacho umo makanga musina vashandi. Aya mamishini ainyanya kuyedza kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kana tsaona dzinogona kuitika kana vachinge vari muchadenga. Yaivawo nemamishini gumi nemaviri. Pamamishinari gumi nemaviri akapedzwa, matatu aifanira kutenderera Nyika, maviri aifanira kutenderera mwedzi, basa rimwe rakabviswa, mamwe mamishini matatu akakanzurwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi uye matanhatu acho akakwanisa kumhara pamwedzi. Naizvozvo, gumi nevaviri vanga vari vagadziri vemuchadenga vakakwanisa kufamba pane yedu satellite, mwedzi. Aya gumi nevaviri vanoongorora zvinhu ndeaya: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Conrad Charles, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John Young, Charles Duke, Cernan Gene, naHarrison Schmitt.
Kufarira mamishinari eApollo
Sezvatakambotaura, kutarisisa kweruzhinji kuruzivo nekutsvaga kwenzvimbo kwaive kudzikira. Nhasi kwete vanhu vazhinji vane tarisiro yekusangana kana kutsvaga mapuraneti matsva, magaraxia matsva, nezvimwe. Hapana chinoshamisa zvakare. Izvozvowo zvaiitika nemamishinari eApollo. Aiita kunge arasa kufarira veruzhinji apo iyo Apollo 13 basa rakakwanisa kudzoreredza kutarisisa kwenyika. Yaiva NASA kumhanya kwechinomwe muchadenga uye chechitatu kumhara.
Ngarava, yakachengetwa naJames Novell, John L. "Jack" Swigert naFred W. Haise. yaizivikanwa ne "Houston, tine dambudziko". Yakabuda musi waApril 11, 1970 uye yakatanga nekuputika kwetangi reokisijeni. Uku kwaingova kwekutanga kwematambudziko mazhinji aive nebasa. Zviripachena, nematambudziko mazhinji, iyo Apollo 13 mishoni haina kusvika kumwedzi. Aifanirwa kunge achinetseka nesimba shoma ravaive naro, kurasikirwa kwekupisa mukabhini, pasina kana mvura yekumwa uye nekukasira kwekugadzirisa masisitimu akaburitsa CO2 kubva kunharaunda yechikepe.
Chekupedzisira, kunyangwe paine matambudziko, Apollo 13 akakwanisa kumhara paPasi zvakare pasina matambudziko akakomba uye Hollywood yakatora mukana wenyaya iyi kuzviita yayo mune imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mafirimu enguva idzodzo.
Kupera kwaApollo mamishini
Chirongwa ichi chakagara kusvika Zvita 1972, payakamiswa. Mutengo wekudyara muchirongwa ichi chinangwa chekutsika pamwedzi chaive chakakomberedza $ 20.443.600.000. Kunyangwe hazvo kudyara kukuru kwakaitwa mune vese vashandi uye tekinoroji kuvandudza, ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva kumwedzi haruna kushanda zvakakwana kuti mamwe mamishini aende kumwedzi. "Kufamba kuenda kumwedzi kunodhura uye hakubatsiri zvakanyanya."
Kwete chete iyo yakadonha Apollo 13 chirongwa chega chakange chine kukundikana. Apollo 1 ndiye wekutanga wemamishinari eApollo kuitiswa. Moto wakakonzerwa mune kumwe kuyedza kwekare kwakakonzera kufa kwevashandi vese.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Apollo mamishini uye kukosha kwawo.