Nhasi tichataura nezve akakosha echiGiriki muzivi, geometrist uye nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga munhoroondo. Ndezve Anaximander weMireto. Uyu murume aifungidzira kuvepo kwechisimboti uye chepakutanga musimboti unowanikwa kune vese vapenyu mune zvakasikwa. Iyi nheyo yakanzi arche. Kusiyana nevamwe vake vese avo vakaona arche ine chinhu chemuviri, Anaximander ndiye akaisimbisa senzira yekutanga inozivikanwa se ápeiron.
Muchikamu chino ticha taura newe nezveAnaximander's biography uye akakosha mabasa ehupenyu hwake.
Anaximander weMireto
Uyu muzivi wechiGiriki uye nyanzvi yekuongorora nyeredzi akatanga sa musimboti wekutanga wakajairika kuzvinhu zvese zvehunhu hweaponiyoni. Tinogona kududzira izwi iri se "risingagumi" kana "risingaperi." Aive mudzidzi waThales weMireto uye nhengo yechikoro cheMireto. Muguta rino raaigara aive mugari anoshinga uye akatungamira nzendo kuApollonia, iri paGungwa Dema. Akashanda senge wezvematongerwo enyika akabata zvinzvimbo zvakakosha zvekuti akapiwa basa rekudzora huwandu hwekuzvarwa muApollonia. Iri dambudziko rakakomba nekuda kwekuwandisa kwechisikigo munguva idzodzo nekushaikwa kwezvekushandisa kugona kugutsa zvido zvevanhu vese.
Yaive imwe yemakoloni mazhinji aifanira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuwandisa kwemaguta eIonia. Kugadzirisa chiyero chekuzvarwa yaive yakaoma nyaya yenguva iyoyo. Vagari vakamusarudza nekutenda kune ruzivo rwake uye kugona kwezvematongerwo enyika. Isiri nguva refu yapfuura chifananidzo chakawanikwa mukuchera kweMireto.
Muhupenyu hwake hwese Anaximander akazvipira kuita ongororo dzakawanda. Kumwe kwekuferefeta uku kwaive kugadzira mepu yekutanga yepasi redu. Mepu iyi yaifanirwa kugadzirwa kubva kumamwe mamepu madiki uye nhau dzakagamuchirwa nevatengesi vechiGreek. Iyo mepu yaisagona kuve yakakwenenzverwa, asi gare gare naHecateus uye kwayakashandira Herodotus. Kuti agadzire mepu iyi, Anaximander aifanirwa kufungidzira pasi seyesirinda isingazungunuke. Iyi pfungwa yakapesana neyakajairika pfungwa iyo yaifunga kuti Pasi rakapfava.
Mamwe mabasa akaverengerwawo kwaari, sekumiswa kwemaequinox uye solstices uye kuverenga kwehurefu uye hukuru hwenyeredzi. Kugadzirwa kwesundial zvakare chikamu chebasa raAnaximander uye nedenga rekudenga. Iyi nzvimbo yekudenga yakashandiswa pakuona dzimwe nyeredzi mudenga.
Philosophy yaAnaximander
Muzivi uyu ave nekufungidzira kunoshamisa nezvekwakabva zvipenyu nemunhu. Zvinoenderana nefilosofi yake, zvese kubva kuchinhu chakanyorovera. Muchiitiko ichi, Nyika yaive nzvimbo yemvura uye panguva yekuparadzaniswa hunyoro hwakapa kune vapenyu. Nenzira yekuti varume vekutanga vaive nehove uye dzimwe mhuka dzechinyakare semadzitateguru. Kune iyi dzidziso akaonekwa seyekutanga cosmologist uye seakafanotungamira yazvino dzidziso yekushanduka.
Anaximander ndiye wekutanga wechiGiriki anofunga aigona kunyora zvese zvake zvefilosofi. Aive nechinyorwa chake maakange aine zvese zvine mukurumbira maitiro eiyo chaiyo pamberi paAristotle. Kubva pachechi yake inonzi "Pane Zvisikwa" chengeta chidimbu. Zvisinei, yakapihwa nyaya yaAristotle zvimwe zvikamu zvedzidziso yese yeAnaximander zvinogona kudzoserwa.
Mukati meuzivi hwake, akabvumirana naThales weMireto mukuzvidzivirira kuti kwaive nechinhu chimwe chete chakakosha, chinonzi arche, yaive jenareta yezvinhu zvese. Anaximander akadana uyu musimboti weparaimoni. Iyo apeiron yaireva kusingagumi kana kusingaperi. Ichi chi, chinhu chisingagumi, chisingagumi uye chisingaperi uye chisingaperi. Iyo apeiron haina kuora uye isingaori. Kubva pane iyi mavambo zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvakasikwa zvinobva mairi uye zvinozviisa pasi pekuzvarwa kwekutsakatika nekuda kwesimba rinopesana pakati pavo.
Kutanga kwezvose
Mireto guta
Akanga aine kuyedza kwakati kuti aone hwaro hwese. Kune izvi iye anotevedzera zvinogara zvichingoitika zveMilessian zvehungwaru. Kusiyana nevamwe vevazivi avo vakaedza kutsvaga chirevo ichi mune yakasarudzika hunhu, kuna Anaximander mutemo uyu wakaonekwa mune apeiron iyo hazvinzwisisike neruzivo kana izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa sechinhu chechigarire uye chinopfuura yenyika ine simba.
Icho chinhu chisingatsanangurike zvese muchadenga nenguva asi iwo musimboti wezvinhu zvese unoparara nekutsanangurwa. Pane zvakawanda zvakasiiwa zvasara pazvidzidzo izvo zviri izvo zvezviitiko zvedu. Neichi chikonzero, Anaximander anga aine dzidziso iri yakaoma kududzira.
Kuchikoro, kutsvagisa pane arche kwaizotora yakawanda yenguva yevazivi. Akatanga kudzidza kubva kuchikoro che Pythagoras uye akaenderera kuna Parmenides naHeraclitus. Iri dambudziko rakavhurwa muchikoro cheMireto rakave dingindira rinodzokororwa rezveruzivo rwechiGiriki.
Anaximander aive munyori wemabhuku mana pamwe chete. Yekutanga ndiyo yatakatodoma sa "Pane Zvisikwa". Nekudaro, iye akanyora mamwe mabhuku matatu anonzi Perimeter yePasi, Pane Iyo Yakagadziriswa Nyeredzi uye neChechi yeChechi. Mabhuku aAnaximander angangodaro asina zita uye aingotumidzwa zita mushure mechitsauko chebhuku rakakosha. Izvo zvinozivikanwa uine chokwadi chizere ndechekuti Anaximander aive mumwe wekutanga kunyora bhuku rerozi. Kukosha kwekunyora kweprozi ndekwekuti Anaximander akaenderera netsika yeThales semuzivi uye anovhura imwe nyowani yemhando. Rudzi urwu rwakashandiswa nevananyanduri vakasiyana siyana nevadzidzisi munhoroondo yese.
Sezvauri kuona, Anaximander anga ari iye akakosha muzivi uye wezvemuchadenga uyo akaunza kufambira mberi kwakawanda munhoroondo. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Anaximander uye zvaakashandisa.