La Pliocene nguva ndiye wekupedzisira we Nguva yeNeogene of the Nguva yeCenozoic. Yakatanga makore angaite mamirioni mashanu nemashanu apfuura uye yakapera makore 5.5 miriyoni apfuura Ino nguva yakave nehukama hwakakura mukuvandudzwa kwehominids yekutanga uye maruva nemhuka zvepasi rese. Iyo Pliocene fauna yakatanga kuve munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakatemerwa nemamiriro ekunze enguva iyoyo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda iyi nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye shanduko yemhuka dzePliocene.
Shanduko muPliocene epoch
Ino inguva iyo nekuda kwemafossil ekutanga zvaikwanisika kuziva kuti hominid yekutanga yaigara pasi rino, Australopithecus, inogarwa mukondinendi yeAfrica. Ino nguva yareva shanduko huru padanho rezvinhu zvipenyu, zvese zvirimwa nemhuka. Miti yacho yakatanga kusiyanisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana nemamiriro ekunze. Iyo yakazara nguva yePliocene ingangoita mamirioni matatu emakore.
Huwandu hukuru hweshanduko uye kusiyanisa kuri munzvimbo yekuparadzirwa kwemiti nemhuka zvakatangira mukuchinja kwakadzika uye kwakakosha mumitumbi yemvura papasi. Uye ndezvekuti makungwa nemakungwa zvakagadziridzwa panguva ino. Pakave nepakati pakati pekutaurirana kwaivapo pakati peAtlantic Ocean nePacific Ocean. Semhedzisiro yekuputika uku, izvo zvatinoziva nhasi seIsthmus yePanama yakamuka. Gungwa reMediterranean rakazadzwa zvakare nemvura yakabva kuAtlantic Ocean uye ndokupedza iyo inonzi messinian salt. Dambudziko iri rinoreva kuwanda kwakanyanya kwemunyu kwaivapo muGungwa reMediterranean nekuda kwekuvharwa kweStrait yeGibraltar.
Sezvo mwero wekushanduka kwemvura zvaiwedzera uye paive neushoma, iwo musungwa wemunyu wakawedzera kusvika padanho rekutadza kutsigira hupenyu hwemhuka nemiti. Nekuunzwa kwemvura nyowani kubva kuAtlantic, masalt munyu anogona kudzikiswa kusvika pakasimba.
Chekupedzisira, chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha zvekushanduka kwePliocene epoch kwaive kuratidzika kwekutanga hominids. Australopithecus yaive transcendental hominid pakutanga kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Yaive yekutanga mhando yeiyo genus Homo.
Pliocene maruva nemhuka
Pakati peino nguva zvirimwa zvakawedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha yepasirese. Zvirimwa zvaiwanda zvakanyanya aive masango. Tembiricha dzakakunda mukati menguva ino yenguva dzaive dzakadzikira kubvira mazaya echando akapararira munzvimbo dzakafara. Kunyangwe tembiricha yakaderera yaivepo zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakapamhamha, paivewo nehuswa hwekunaya hunomiririrwa nemasango nemasango. Nekudaro, idzi nzvimbo dzine masango dzaingogumira kunzvimbo yekumusoro chete uko kwaive nemamiriro ekunze akanaka.
Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzese dzine tembiricha dzakaderera, aive masango akakwanisa kukorokoza matunhu. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwakange kuripo panguva ino, nzvimbo huru dzevhu rakawoma dzaigona kuoneka dzakava magwenga. Mamwe emarenje makuru aya achiri kuwanda nanhasi. Munzvimbo dziri padyo nematanda maruva akagadzwa uye anoramba aripo nanhasi. Iyi flora ndeye conifers. Conifers zvirimwa zvine kugona kukuru kurwisa tembiricha yakaderera uye zvinokura munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.
Iyo biome iyo yakapararira zvakanyanya panguva ino yaive tundra. Iyo tundra yakaramba yakamira seizvi kusvika nhasi kubvira nharaunda dzemuganhu nedanda rekuchamhembe dzawanikwa.
Panyaya yemhuka dzePliocene, tinowana rimwe rematanho makuru zvine chekuita nekusimudzira kwemunhu. Uye ndeyekuti yekutanga hominid inozivikanwa seAustralopithecus yakagadzirwa. Kune rimwe divi, isu tinoona kukura kukuru uye kusiyanisa kwemhuka dzinovonga nekuda kweshanduko yavo huru. Mammamal akakwanisa kuwedzera kuburikidza nenhamba huru yenzvimbo uye akagadziridzwa kune akasiyana mamiriro.
Kunyangwe mamwe mapoka emhuka akamboitawo shanduko padanho remajini uye rekushanduka-shanduka, akange ari mamamamu akashanduka zvakanyanya.
Mammamals ePliocene mhuka
Mammamals akatanga kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinogara dzakadzikama nhasi. Dzinza rekare rezvipuka rine hunhu hukuru hwekufamba rakatsigirwa pamazano ezvigunwe ndiyo isingulates. Paive nemhando dzakasiyana dzaive dzeboka iri remhuka uye dzakatanga kurasikirwa nemitezo nepasi. Nekudaro, mune mamwe matunhu ivo vakakwanisa kuchinjika uye kukura zvakanyanya. Tinotaura nezvengamera nemabhiza. Zvigunwe zveminwe izvi zvakafukidzwa nemahwanda.
Rimwe boka remhuka dzakagadzirwa panguva ino dzaive ma proboscideans. Iri iboka remhuka dzine hunhu hukuru ndiko kuwedzerwa kwezviso zvavo. Kuwedzera uku kunonzi proboscis. MuPliocene fauna maive nemhando dzinoverengeka dzeboka iri senzou uye stegodonts. Pamapoka maviri aya emhuka, nzou chete dzakapona kusvika parinhasi.
Pakati pezvipfuwo tinowanawo makonzo ane hunhu hukuru iwo mazino akavezwa akakwirisa. Aya mazino e incisor akakosha kutsvaira huni kana zvimwe zvinhu uye kudya pairi. Iwo ane mana uye akasiyana muhukuru. Zvinonzi vakatiza kunyanya kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzemudunhu reEuropean.
Australopithecus Yaive yekutanga hominid yaigona kufamba bipedally. Izvo ndezvekukwanisa kufamba pamakumbo ese eshure. Saizi yayo yaive diki chaizvo sezvo yaingova 1.30 metres chete uye yaive neyakaonda kuvaka. Chikafu chayo chaive chakasvibisa uye chakakwanisa kubudirira mukondinendi yeAfrica, uko mafossil mazhinji akawanikwa nhasi.
Dzimwe mhuka
Mamwe mapoka emhuka akavandudzawo zvakanaka panguva yePliocene epoch. Zvipuka zvaive nebudiriro huru, kunyanya ingwena nemakarwe. Kana dziri shiri, vazhinji vaigara mukondinendi yeAmerica uye vaive zvikara zvehuwandu hwemhuka. Rimwe boka reshiri rinozivikanwa zviri nani se maunifomu ndeaya akasimukira zvakanyanya. Muboka iri reshiri tinowana madhadha nema swans, pakati pevamwe.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pePliocene fauna.