Nguva ye Pleistocene yaive yekutanga geological kupatsanurwa kweiyo Quaternary nguva. Yakanga ichinyanya kuzivikanwa netembiricha yakaderera iyo yakafukidza ingangoita nyika yese nechando. Iyo Pleistocene fauna yaionekwa zvakanyanya nekuonekwa kwemhuka huru dzakadai senge mammoth. Isu tinoonawo mune ino nguva yenguva shanduko yemhando dzevanhu. Panguva ino pakaonekwa madzitateguru emurume wemazuva ano.
Muchikamu chino tichaongorora zvese hunhu uye shanduko yemhuka dzePleistocene.
General mamiriro eiyo Pleistocene fauna
Kuti tinzwisise kuvandudzwa kwemhuka dzePleistocene, isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa mamiriro akajairwa, ese emamiriro ekunze, uye egeology, nezvimwe. Ino inguva iyo ndeimwe yeakanyanya kudzidza uye ine zvinyorwa zvefossil zvakanyanya. Neichi chikonzero, yave imwe yenguva apo paine ruzivo rwakawandisa uye rwakavimbika. Iyi nguva yenguva yakatanga Makore 2.6 emakore apfuura uye akapera mushure menguva yekupedzisira yechando, angangoita zviuru gumi zvemazana emakore BC
Munguva yese iyi, mhuka huru dzakange dziine kubwinya kukuru, maererano nekusimudzira uye kusiyanisa. Pakati pavo pane mammoth, iyo megatherium uye mastononi ayo akatonga kwazvo pasi rese. Hunhu hunovasiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe mhuka hwaive hukuru hwavo hukuru. Isu tinofanirwa zvakare kutaura pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemadzitateguru evanhu senge Homo erectus, Homo habilis, uye Homo neanderthalensis.
Nezve geology, takaona kuti pakanga paine kushomeka kushoma kwemakondinendi. Mune ino kesi, iyo Continental drift yaive yakadzika kwazvo uye yakaramba yakadaro kubva ipapo. Nechekare panguva ino makondinendi anga aine zvinzvimbo zvakafanana nezvaanazvo nhasi uno. Tichiongorora mamiriro ekunze tinoona kuti pakanga paine hukuru hwekushisa kwakadzika. Uye ndezvekuti panguva ino nguva dzinoverengeka dzechando dzakaitika. Yakaramba yakadaro nenzira dzese kusvika nguva yekupedzisira yechando yapera. Yakawanda yepasi yakanga yakafukidzwa nechando. Nyanzvi dzakanyora kuti dzinosvika makumi matatu kubva muzana yepasi rese rakagwamba nechando. Danda rekumaodzanyemba muAntarctica rakanga rakafukidzwa zvizere nechando sezvazviri nhasi. Nyika dzese dzeArctic Circle dzaivepowo.
Kana tangoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu enguva ino, tinotanga kuongorora mhuka dzePleistocene.
Pleistocene fauna
Munguva iyi yaive mammes yakava iro rakakurumbira boka. Chengetedza yakajairwa yese hegemony yakatanga munguva dzakapfuura. MuPleistocene fauna, kubuda kweanonzi megafauna kunoonekera. Iyi megafauna inoreva mhuka hombe dzakadzidziswa kumira tembiricha yakaderera yaivepo panguva iyoyo.
Kunyangwe zvipuka zvaive kukura kwakanyanya uye kusiyanisa kwemhuka dzenguva ino, mamwe mapoka emhuka dzakadai seshiri, amphibian uye zvinokambaira zvakaramba zvichisiyana. Mazhinji emapoka emhuka akasara kusvika nhasi. Nekudaro, hazvigone kupikiswa kuti zvipuka zvaive madzimambo ezera rino.
Iyo Pleistocene megafauna yaisanganisira kunyanya yemhuka hombe. Pakati pemhuka idzi tinoratidzira vamiririri vazhinji vari iyo mammoth, iyo megatherium, iyo smilodon, iyo elasmotherium, pakati pevamwe. Tichaongorora imwe neimwe mhuka huru dzePleistocene fauna.
nemapoka
Idzi mhuka dzaive dzerudzi rweMammuthus uye dzaitaridzika zvakafanana nenjuzu dzatinadzo nhasi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinomiririra zveboka iri kwaive kuwedzera kwemhuno. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ndevekurongeka kweProboscidea uye vane nhengo inozivikanwa sechigutsa. Zita rayo resainzi proboscis. Iwo mammoth aivewo nawo marefu, akapinza mazino ayo akabatsira kudzivirira kubva kune vangangozvidya. Aya mazino aive nemupendero wakavatenderedza kumusoro. Minyatso iyi yaigadzirwa nenyanga dzenzou.
Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekugovewa kwemunhu uye kuswedera kana kure kwenzvimbo dzine tembiricha dzakaderera, muviri wakafukidzwa neakawanda kana mashoma furufu. Tsika yacho kana chikafu chaive chakaipa. Izvi zvinoita kuti mazino ave nebasa rekudzivirira chete. Kunyangwe yaitaridzika zvakanyanya uye iri yeboka rePleistocene megafauna, yakazopera munguva inotevera. Kutenda kune akawanda fossil zvinyorwa, zvave zvichikwanisika kuziva zvakawanda nezve morphology uye mararamiro ehupenyu hwerudzi urwu.
megatherium
Idzi mhuka ndedzechisungo chePilosa uye dzakabatana nemanyowa aripo. Imhando yemhuka yakave imwe yeakakura kupfuura ese akazara pasi. Huremu hwake hwepakati hwaive pakati pe2.5 ne3 matani uye aive akareba anenge mamita matanhatu. Rudzi urwu rwakadzidzwa nekuda kwemafossil akaunganidzwa. Mapfupa ayo aive akasimba zvakanyanya, saka zvinofungidzirwa kuti yaifanirwa kutsigira nyama hombe.
Kunge sloths nhasi, vanga vaine nzara refu kwazvo. Nzara idzi dzaishandiswa kunyanya kuchera chikafu. Kudya kwavo kwaive kwakazara panyoka uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti vaive nehunhu hwega. Muviri wakafukidzwa nehuswa hwakakora hwaibatsira kuuchengetedza kubva kumatembiricha akaderera aivapo panguva idzodzo. Kugara kwayo nenzvimbo yekugovera yakawedzerwa nenzvimbo dzeSouth America.
smilodon
Mhuka iyi ndeyemhuri yeFelidae, iri hama dzakananga dzevanyowani. Hunhu hwayo hukuru hwaive hukuru hwayo hukuru uye mazino maviri akareba akaburuka kubva mushaya yepamusoro. Kutenda nehunhu uhwu smilodon raizivikanwa pasi rese se »Tiger dzine mazino maSaber». Iyo ndeimwe yemhuka dzakadzidza kwazvo munhoroondo yese nekuti iripowo mune dzakawanda nyaya uye ngano.
Kutenda kune zvisaririra zvakaunganidzwa kubva kune aya marudzi, vanhurume vanogona kusvika kusvika ku 300 kilos pakurema. Vaigara zvakanyanya mumatunhu ese ekuchamhembe nekuSouth America.
elasmotherium
Yaive imwe yemhuka dzaive dzemhuri yeRhinocerotidae, inoenderana nezvipembere zvemazuva ano. Hunhu hukuru hwemhuka idzi hwaive kuva nenyanga hombe yaibuda mudehenya ravo uye yaigona kusvika pamamita anodarika maviri. Kudya kwavo kwaisvibisa uye chikafu chavo chikuru hwaive huswa.. Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvipuka zvePleistocene, yaive nemuviri wakafukidzwa nehuswa hwakakora. Kugara kwayo nenzvimbo yekuparadzira yaive munzvimbo dzepakati peAsia nemasteppes eRussia.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhuka dzePleistocene.