Munyika yeastronomy, kune vanhu vakaita zviwanikwa zvakawandisa zvinoshandura zvese zvaizivikanwa parizvino. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika Nicolaus Copernicus. Izvo ndezve nyanzvi yekuPoland akazvarwa muna 1473 akagadzira iyo dzidziso yekudenga. Aive asiri kungozivikanwa nekugadzira dzidziso iyi, asi nekutangisa shanduko yesainzi pamberi peyeredzi panguva iyoyo.
Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezvaNicolás Copernicus nezviito zvake? Tinokutsanangurira zvese.
Biography
Iko shanduko mukuongorora nyeredzi yakaunzwa naCopernicus kwave kunzi shanduko yeCopernican. Iyi shanduko yakasvika pakukosha kupfuura nzvimbo yekuongorora nyeredzi nesainzi. Yakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yemafungiro uye tsika dzepasirese.
Nicolás Copernicus akaberekerwa mumhuri yakapfuma ine basa guru raive kutengeserana. Zvisinei, aive nherera aine makore gumi. Akatarisana nekusurukirwa, babamunini vake amai vakamuchengeta. Kufurira kwababamunini vake kwakabatsira Copernicus zvakanyanya kukudziridza mutsika uye kumutsa kuda kuziva zvakawanda nezveZvese. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aive canon muFrauenburg Cathedral uye Bhishopi weWarmia.
Muna 1491 akapinda muUniversity yeKrakow nekuda kwemirairo yababamunini vake. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, dai asina kuve nherera, Copernicus angadai asina kungoita mutengesi semhuri yake. Atove akawedzera kumberi kuyunivhesiti, akaenderera mberi kuenda kuBologna kunopedzisa kudzidziswa kwake. Akatora kosi mumutemo wecanon uye akadzidziswa muItaly humanism. Ese mafambiro etsika enguva iyoyo aive akakosha kwaari kuti afemerwe kuti akudziridze dzidziso yemuchadenga yakapa shanduko.
Babamunini vake vakashaya muna 1512. Copernicus akaenderera mberi achishanda munzvimbo yechechi yemabhuku akafuridzirwa. Yakanga yatove muna 1507 paakatsanangura kutsanangura kwake kwekutanga kwedzidziso yemhepo. Kusiyana nezvaifungidzirwa kuti Nyika ndiyo yaive pakati peChadenga uye kuti mapuraneti ese, kusanganisira Zuva, akatenderedza, zvinopesana zvakafumurwa.
Heliocentric dzidziso
Mune ino dzidziso inoonekwa kuti Zuva riri sei pakati pe Solar system uye Nyika ine kutenderera kwakatenderedza. Pane ino dzidziso yezvematongerwo enyika, makopi mazhinji akanyorwa nemaoko echirongwa chakatanga kugadzirwa uye chakaparadzirwa nevose vaidzidza nyeredzi. Nekuda kwedzidziso iyi, Nicolás Copernicus aionekwa semunhu anoongorora nyeredzi. Zvese kuferefetwa kwaakaitwa pane zvakasikwa kwaifanirwa kuitwa pachishandiswa dzidziso iyi umo mapuraneti akatenderera zuva.
Gare gare, akapedzisa kunyora kwebasa hombe rakachinja zvese zvinozivikanwa mune nyeredzi. Izvo ndezve iro basa Pamusoro pekutendeuka kweanokudenga orbs. Chakanga chiri chinyorwa chezvemuchadenga icho chakawedzerwa kuti chitsanangure zvizere uye kudzivirira dzidziso yemuchadenga. Sezvakatarisirwa, kuitira kufumura dzidziso iyo yakagadzirisa zvese zvitendero zvazvino pamusoro peChechi, yaifanirwa kudzivirirwa neumboo hunogona kupokana nedzidziso iyi.
Mubasa waigona kuzviona Izvo zvakasikwa zvaive neyakaganhurirwa uye idenderedzwa chimiro, uko iko kufamba kukuru kwaive kwakatenderedza, nekuti ndidzo chete dzaive dzakakodzera chimiro chemitumbi yekudenga. Mune dzidziso yake, kupokana kwakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa nekufungisisa kwePasi rose kusvika ipapo. Kunyange hazvo Pasi rakanga risisiri iro repakati uye mapuraneti asina kutenderera pairi, pakange pasina nzvimbo imwechete yakajairika kune ese mafambiro ekudenga muhurongwa hwayo.
Kukanganisa kwebasa rake
Aigara achiziva kuwanda kwekushoropodzwa uko basa iri kwaigona kumutsa parakaitwa pachena. Kuve nekutya kwekushoropodzwa, haana kumbobvira apa basa rake kuprinta. Chayakaita ndechekuti kuburitswa kwacho kwakapararira nekutenda kupindira kwenyanzvi yekuongorora nezvechiPurotesitendi Ainzi Georg Joachim von Lauchen, anozivikanwa saRheticus. Akakwanisa kushanyira Copernicus pakati pa1539 na1541 uye akamunyengetedza kuti akwanise kuprinta chibvumirano uye nekuchiwedzera. Izvo zvaifanirwa kuverengerwa.
Basa racho rakaenda kuruzhinji mumasvondo mashoma munyori asati afa. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, iyo geocentric kubata kwechisiko kwese kwaive neimwe nzira. Ptolemy nedzidziso yake ye geocentric anga ari pamberi kwemazana emakore gumi nemana enhoroondo. Iyi dzidziso yaizivikanwa se Almagest. Mune ino dzidziso iwe waigona kuona kusimudzira kwakakwana kwenzira dzese dzakagadzwa muchadenga.
El Almagest Akataura kuti Mwedzi, Zuva nemapuraneti akasimbiswa zvakatenderedza Nyika. Isu tanga tiri munzvimbo yakamisikidzwa uye mimwe mitumbi yekudenga yakatitenderedza. Chainyatsoita zvine musoro pasina kutarisa kwekunze. Iwe unongofanirwa kuona kuti takamiswa, isu haticherechedze kutenderera kwePasi uye, uyezve, izuva iro "rinofamba" mudenga masikati neusiku.
NaNicolás Copernicus, Zuva raizove nzvimbo isingafambi yezvinhu zvese uye Nyika yaizove nemafambiro maviri: kutenderera iko pachako, uko kunopa kumuka siku neusiku, pamwe nedudziro, iyo inopa kumuka kwekufamba kwemwaka.
Nicolaus Copernicus uye kuparadzwa kwePtolemaic nyeredzi
Kunyangwe iyi dzidziso yaive chaiyo panguva yacho uye uchifunga nezve tekinoroji yenguva iyoyo, iyo yeCopernican zvakasarudzika yaive ichipera uye yakaganhurirwa neainzi nharaunda nyeredzi dzakatarwa dzekare nyeredzi.
Kuparadzwa kwePtolemaic system kwakaitika zvakare zvirinyore sezvo iyo heliocentric system yeCopernicus yakabatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwesiyano kutarisisa kunzwisiswa kwezvinhu zvese. Sezvo tsika yechinyakare yanga ichishanda kwemazana emakore gumi nemana, kwakatungamira mukufambira mberi kwake nekucherechedza kwakatsanangura mafambiro emapuraneti manomwe anodzungaira. Nicolás Copernicus akafungidzira kuti fungidziro yake yaizoita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa zvinhu zvese. Izvo chete zvakachinja nzvimbo yezuva.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwunogona kukubatsira iwe kuti uzive zvakawanda nezvaNicolaus Copernicus uye pesvedzero yake munyika yeastronomy nesainzi.