Atacama Gwenga, nzvimbo yakaoma kwazvo pasi pano

Nyika yatinorarama inyika umo mune ese epakati uye akanyanyisa mazwi anogara pamwe chete, iyo Atacama Desert iri nzvimbo iyo mhuka nezvirimwa zvine matambudziko mazhinji ekuenda kumberi.

Ndiyo nharaunda inonyanya kuoma iripo, asi nei?

Mepu yeAtacama Iri kupi Dunhu reAtacama?

Iyo Atacama Desert igwenga risina-polar riri muSouth America iro parizvino rinofukidza nzvimbo ingangoita 105.000km2, iine kureba kungangoita 1600km uye hupamhi hwepamusoro hwe180km. Inotemerwa nePacific Ocean kumadokero uye neAndes gomo renzvimbo kumabvazuva.

NdeyeChile, uye ine miganhu neBolivia neArgentina. Mumuganhu unogumira nenyika yekupedzisira yeSouth America, iSocompa volcano, inoenda kuma5250 a. C. rakaputika richifukidza nzvimbo inosvika mazana matanhatu emakiromita600 nemarara Unogona kuona zvakawanda nezvenzvimbo yaro pamepu

Kutanga

Dai zvisiri zve Humboldt azvino, zvirokwazvo zvaizove zvakadaro zvaive makore matatu emamiriyoni apfuura: pasi pegungwa. Uye ndeyekuti ino yazvino, nekutakura mvura inotonhorera kubva kuAntarctica ichienda kumahombekombe eChilean nePeruvia, inoita kuti mhepo yemugungwa itonhorere, ichideredza kubuda kwemhepo uye nekudaro ichidzivirira kuumbwa kwemvura yekunaya..

Chimwe chinhu chakakonzera kufambira mberi kwerenje muchikamu chino chenyika iyo Foehn mhedzisiro, mamiriro ekunze anokonzeresa makore kuburitsa kunaya mumatope emakomo e, mune iyi nyaya, maAndes Makomo, zvekuti, kana akaapfuura, haana mvura, izvo zvinobva zvagadzira renje. 

Kune rimwe divi, kuchamhembe kweMakomo eAndes iyo Altiplano inoumbwa, inova bani rakakwirira uye rakafara regomo. Ipo kumaodzanyemba inotora hunyoro kubva kuPacific Ocean, kuchamhembe inodzivirira madutu kubva mudunhu reAmazon kupinda muChile.

Mamiriro ekunze akaita sei mugwenga rakaoma kwazvo pasi rose?

Kana iwe waifunga kuti zhizha reMediterranean raive rakaoma kutakura, Fungidzira kuti zvingave zvakaita sei kugara munzvimbo iyo husiku iyo inogona kudonha kusvika -25ºC uye mukati mezuva inogona kusvika 50ºC. La chafariz amplitude Yakakwirira kwazvo zvekuti vashoma vevashingi vakashinga kuenda, uye kunyange vashoma vakaita renje iri imba yavo.

Panyaya yemvura inonaya, iyo inogona kuyerwa, ndiko kuti, 1mm kana kupfuura, inogona kudonha kamwe chete pagumi neshanu kusvika pamakumi mana emakore. Zvinogona kutora mazana emakore kuti inaye zvakanyanya. Asi, kunyangwe kuchinaya zvishoma, mukati memwedzi waNdira naFebruary kune dzakawanda dutu remagetsi.

Hunyoro hwemhepo huri 18% mukati, asi hunogona kusvika 98% pamhenderekedzo mukati memwedzi yechando, kuitira kuti kupisa kwemanzwiro zvinogona kunge zvisina kugadzikana. Uye kwete izvo chete, asi kana ukashinga kuenda, unofanirwa kuzvidzivirira kubva kumagetsi eultraviolet, nekuti radiation iri yakanyanya.

Gwenga reAtacama uye munhu wenyama

Zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze akaomarara, kubva pakutanga kweAmerican colonization, vanhu vakaishandisa neimwe nzira. Makore gumi nemaviri apfuura makore ekoloni aishanda mumugodhi wesimbi oxide muTaltal, mudunhu reAntofagasta. Makore gare gare, kutenderedza 12.000 BC, iyo chinchorros yakatanga kuomesa vakafa vavo. Zvakare iyo Inca budiriro yakagadziridzwa pano.

Nhasi, ndiyo inzvimbo yakakodzera kuti vanhu vadzidze zvakawanda nezve nyeredzi uye kunakidzwa nemugwagwa usiri munzira.

Kuongorora nyeredzi

Kana iwe uchida kutarisa nyeredzi, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kunzvimbo iri kure kure neguta remuzinda, zvikasadaro kusvibiswa kwechiedza hakuzoregi iwe kuti uone zvakawanda. Ichokwadi kuti kune materesikopu ayo aunogona kuona nawo zvinhu zvakawanda uye mumaguta, asi zvichagara zviri nani kugara kure nechiedza chakagadzirwa.

Murenje reAtacama dambudziko iri haripo. Kwete chete kuti hapana kana kusvibiswa kwechiedza, asi iro rakadzika gore rakavhara uye kukwirira pamusoro pegungwa zvinoita kuti chifananidzo chionekwe kuburikidza neteresikopu's optical tube inopinza. Neichi chikonzero, kune zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri zvekucherechedza zvakawanikwa pano, senge ALMA, inova chirongwa chikuru kwazvo chenyeredzi pasi rese.

mitambo

Iwe unofarira rally here? Kana zvirizvo, ungangove waona mimwe yemakwikwi anoitirwa muAtacama, senge Baja Atacama Rally, iyo Patagonia Atacama Rally, kana iyo Dakar Series Rally. Nzvimbo ine renje iri ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera mutambo uyu.

Flora nemhuka zvinoenderana nharaunda ino

Flora

Kunyangwe zvakaoma kutenda, kune akawanda marudzi ezvirimwa ayo akakwanisa kuchinjika, akadai seanotevera

• copiapoa: iri rudzi rwecacti ine globose chimiro ichiyera 10-15cm yakachengetedzwa nemipendero mitema inoburitsa maruva yeyero anoyevedza. Zvichienderana nerudzi, inogona kuburitsa masucker.
• Senecio Myriophyllus: iri shrub inogona kuyera 50cm nemaruva yeyero akafanana nemadhayi ane dhayamita ye2cm.
• Common chikwekwe: Iyo shrub ine mashizha emuchindwe egirini kana yeruvara rutsvuku zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana, dzinogona kuyera 2-3m pakureba.

fauna of

Kune dzimwe mhuka dzakashanduka muAtacama Desert, senge anotevera:

• Pelicans: Hunguvi ishiri yemumvura ine muromo murefu unodya hove.
• vicugna vicugna: iyo vicuña ingamera yeAndes. Inorema kusvika 55kg kamwe chete munhu mukuru, uye inodya huswa.
• Philodryas chamissonis: iyo yakareba-miswe nyoka inyoka inogona kusvika ku140cm pakureba. Inodya tudiki tunivi netupukanana.

Maruva Atacama Desert

Zvinoita sezvisingadaviriki kuti munzvimbo yakaoma kudaro inogona kuva nzvimbo yeimwe yeanoshamisa kwazvo masikirwo ezvisikwa. Kana kuchinaya, kunyangwe zvidiki sei, zvinomera zvinokura nekukurumidza uye zvinoburitsa maruva mazhinji zvekuti zvinozadza murenje nehupenyu. Uye kana usinganditendi, heano akati wandei emifananidzo nemavhidhiyo. Nakidzwa nazvo.

Iyo Atacama Desert ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa kwazvo pasi rino, haufunge?