Imwe yemakungwa ane mukurumbira pasi rose kune ayo akasarudzika ndiyo Gungwa Rakafa. Iyo inozivikanwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Yekutanga ihwo huwandu hwayo hwemunyu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hupenyu huri mumvura dzayo haugone kukudziridza uye hunofarira izvo zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvinogona kuyangarara mairi. Inowanzozivikanwawo sekutaurwa kwazvakaitwa mundima dzakasiyana siyana muBhaibheri. Kunyangwe ichidaidzwa nezita rekuti gungwa, iro iguru rekusimbisa iro risina chero mhando yekubuda.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese hunhu, geology uye kuziva kweGungwa Rakafa.
Mhando huru
Gungwa Rakafa igungwa rinogonesa rakakomberedzwa nenyika pasina chero nzira yekubuda mumvura ichienda kunzvimbo yakavhurika. Ndokureva, Iri igungwa rehypersaline rine munyu wepamusoro unopfuura iwo wemhando yegungwa kana gungwa. Iri pamiganhu yeJorodhani, Israel uye West Bank. Inowanikwa pakadzika kwemamita mazana mana pasi pegungwa. Ichi chingave chimwe chezvikonzero nei chiine huwandu hwakanyanya hwemunyu.
Kana tikazvitarisa kubva pakuona, tinogona kuona kuti Gungwa Rakafa ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakaderera pasi pano. Ndokunge, ndiwo mutumbi wemvura wakaderera pane zvese. Iyo yakakamurwa mumabheseni maviri akapatsanurwa nebhiriji repasi. Sezvose, ivo vanogara pane kushushikana kwakagadzirwa nekutsemuka kana kukanganisa kunozivikanwa seMupata weJorodhani. Iyi iri pakati pemakomo eJudhiya neTransjordan Plateau
Chikamu chekuchamhembe cheGungwa Rakafa ndicho chikuru uye chakadzika kwazvo. TIine hurefu hwemakiromita angasvika makumi mashanu uye inosvika kusvika pamamita mazana mana pakadzika. Bheseni rekumaodzanyemba, kune rumwe rutivi, rakangori makiromita gumi nerimwe chete uye nemamita mana chete kudzika. Rwizi chete runoyerera kupinda mudziva iri rwizi Jorodhani. Ndiyo chete mvura inoenderera inoyerera ine gungwa iri. Inowanzo bura huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura nyowani, kunyanya mubheseni rekuchamhembe.
Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba inowanzo kupihwa mvura kubva kuhova dzinoverengeka. Asi hausi mupiro wakakosha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwero weGungwa Rakafa haushanduke mukati megore rose. Huwandu hwemunyu hwavainahwo hunosvika pamitengo yemagiramu mazana matatu nemakumi mana litita. Chimwe chezvinhu chinosimudzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemunyu ndechekuti huwandu hwemvura nyowani yainogashira ishoma pane huwandu hwemvura inopwa.
Mune ino kesi, isu tine yakakwira kwazvo mvura yemugungwa kubuda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti iri munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwira uye kunonaya kushoma. Munyu unowanikwa mumvura iyi is sodium chloride, magnesium chlorine, calcium chloride, potasium chloride, uye magnesium bromide. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti angangoita 27% yemvura iri mugungwa iri inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakaomarara.
Kuumbwa kwegungwa rakafa
Sezvatakambotaura, Gungwa Rakafa riri pamupata. Ndokunge, iko kushushikana kwakapoteredzwa nezvikanganiso zvakafanana kune mumwe. Iko kukanganisa kunowedzera mukati meyese Africa neArabia tectonic ndiro. Gomba iri risati rasikwa, Gungwa reMediterranean rakanga rakakura kupfuura ikozvino. Yakauya kuzotora nzira dzese nePalestine panguva ye jurassic nguva and the cretaceous. Nekudaro, mu Miocene ndiro yeArabia yakabonderana nechikamu chekuchamhembe cheplate yeEurasia. Aya ndiwo matangire akaita nyika kusimuka uye nzvimbo yepakati yemakomo ePalestine yakaumbwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamusoro pemakore, mupata wekutsemuka wakaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye ukazadzwa nemvura yegungwa.
Yatove muPleistocene, pakanga paine nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo pakati peMediterranean nemupata wakaumbwa nekuda kwekutsemuka kuri pakati pematareti etekoniki. Izvo zvaive zvichikwanisika kukwidza akati wandei metres kudzamara mvura yegungwa yabviswa. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti gomba nemvura zvisiyane. Iyo Gulf yeAqaba yaive zvakare yakasarudzika.
Biodiversity yeGungwa Rakafa
Sezvatambotaura, munyu weGungwa Rakafa wakakwira kwazvo. Inoita kanenge kagumi munyu wegungwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive gwenga remugungwa mune chete zvimwe zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kugara mariri. Izvo chete zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kurarama mune aya mamiriro akaipisisa mabhakitiriya, protozoa, uye imwechete-celled algae.
Mazhinji eaya algae ndee genus Dunaliella. Nekudaro, pamwe chete nemahombekombe egungwa reGungwa Rakafa tinogona kuwana zvimwe zvirimwa zvehalophyte. Izvi zvinomera ndeavo anochinjaniswa nevhu rine kuwanda kwemunyu kana alkalinity. Pane kupokana, isu hatigone kuwana chero mhando yehove, zvinokambaira, amphibian uye zvakanyanya kushoma mhuka. Pane dzimwe nguva, dzimwe hove dzinozvuzvurudzwa murukova rwizi uye dzinopedzisira dzafa pasina mukana wekurarama.
Neichi chikonzero, mumwe haagoni kutaura nezve zvipenyu zvakasiyana kana tichitaura nezveGungwa Rakafa. Nekudaro, hazvireve kuti gungwa iri harina zviwanikwa zvakakosha. Kutenda kuhuwandu hwayo hwemunyu, munyu wayo unogona kutorwa nechinangwa chekurapa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuisa iyo madhaka ari mugungwa mumuviri sezvo iine zvinhu zvinobatsira zvikuru nemaminerari ayo.
Zvinotyisa
Kunyangwe iri gungwa risingatambure nekuwandisa kwekubata hove, kuwedzera kwayo uye huwandu hwayo hwakadzikiswa mukati memakumi emakore apfuura. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nenyaya yekuti mvura inotsauswa uye kune hukuru hwakakura hwenzvimbo dzevhu dzinokonzeresa kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzipunzike. Kubva 1960 kwakave nekuderedzwa muhuwandu hwakazara hwemvura. Izvi zvakatanga kuitika Israeri payakagadzira chiteshi chekupomba pamahombekombe eGungwa reGarireya. Nzvimbo iyi yekupomba yakaita kuti mvura yeRwizi rweJoridhani iendeswe kune dzimwe nyika dzaiishandisa kuti ikwanise kupa nekudiridza zvirimwa.
Nekutsausa huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura kubva pamubhadharo wayo mukuru uye iine huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura, zviri kukonzera kuwanda kwemvura mugungwa iri kudzikira uye kushoma. Mvura iri kudzikiswa neinenge mita imwe pagore.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa Rakafa.