Imwe yemakungwa ari ayo Atlantic Ocean ndiyo Baltic Gungwa. Iri ruoko rwegungwa iri kuchamhembe chikamu chinotangira kubva kumaodzanyemba kweDenmark kunosvika kuArctic Circle uye kupatsanura peninsula yeScandinavia kubva kune imwe nyika yeEuropean. Iri igungwa rinoonekwa sekuwedzeredzwa kukuru kwemvura ine brackish pasirese. Iyo haina kudzika uye nekudaro inogadzira kufarira kukuru munharaunda yesainzi nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya munyu.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezveGungwa reBaltic, hunhu uye mavambo.
Mhando huru
Iko kuwedzerwa kwemvura ine brackish inoonekwa seyakakura kwazvo pasirese. Iwe uri mupfupi uye hauna kudzika. Kune vezvakaitika kare inomiririra hunyanzvi hwehupfumi hweHanseatic League uye kune vesaenzi hunounza kufarira kukuru. Mazhinji emazita akawanikwa negungwa rino kweanopfuura makore maviri anoratidza kumira kwaro sezvo iri nzvimbo yekusangana yenyika zhinji.
Iyo igungwa remukati memvura ine brackish inosangana neEurope uye yakavhurika kuNorth Sea neAtlantic Ocean. Yakakomberedzwa nenyika zhinji dzinoumba peninsula yeScandinavia. Iyo yakati rebei pamusoro pemakiromita chiuru nemazana matanhatu uye pavhareji hupamhi hwemakiromita mazana zana. Kana iwe ukatarisa iwo maVikings akateedzana iwe uchaziva kuti iri rekumadokero gungwa rinotambanuka kuchamhembe kuburikidza neyakavanzika Denmark uye ichasanganisira Kattegat. Kattegat idambudziko rinoparadzanisa Denmark kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSweden.
Pakati pehunhu hunomira kunze kwegungwa iri, tinoratidzira kuti igungwa rakavharwa mukati. Inotorwa senge ruoko rweAtlantic Ocean yakabatana ne pakati peKattegat Strait uye iyo Skagerrak Strait. Ndakautora semumwe wematumbi emvura anotyisa kwazvo pasirese sezvo ichigamuchira mvura kubva kunzizi nekugungwa. Chimiro chayo chakareba uye chakamanikana. Nzira chete yekubuda kuAtlantic Ocean ndeyeKattegat Strait.
Kuwanda kwemvura inogara mudzimba dzegungwa iyi kuri pedyo nemakumi mairi makiromita machubhu. Iyo yepakati kudzika ingangoita 55 metres chete, iyo yakadzika kudzama iri anenge 459 metres. Sezvo riri gungwa risina kudzika, zvakajairika kuti munyu wese unyatsoomerera nekukwirisa. Iine avhareji yemunyu we3.5%, kunyangwe mune zvimwe zvikamu iyo muzana iri pasi.
Zvinowanikwa zviwi muGungwa reBaltic
Tichaona kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzakanakisa kupfuura idzo dzino gungwa. Yakakomberedzwa nepeninsula yeScandinavia uye inoteera nzira yekuwacha yatinowana nyika dzinotevera: Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany neDenmark.
Pakati pezvitsuwa zvakasimbiswa tinoona kuti gungwa iri rine zvidimbu zvakasiyana. Yakanga iri chikamu chekuchamhembe kweGungwa reBothnian uye muchikamu chekumabvazuva chaive Gulf yeFinland neGulf yeRiga. Chitsuwa chikuru pane iri gungwa iIland Islands. Ichi chitsuwa Ine zvitsuwa mazana matanhatu nemazana manomwe, izvo makumi matanhatu nezvishanu ndezvevagari.
Pakati pezvitsuwa zvine mukurumbira muBaltic Gungwa tine zvinotevera:
- Fehmarn: icho chitsuwa muGerman chinozivikanwa seichi chitsuwa chezuva.
- Kuona Kwakavanzika: Chitsuwa chidiki pane Gungwa reBaltic.
- Nhetembo: Icho chiri chitsuwa chinoda kuziva, nekuti chakaumbwa sekatatu.
- Rugen: Ichi chitsuwa chine nzvimbo dzevashanyi dzine nzvimbo dzepamahombekombe dzegungwa. Icho chimwe chezvitsuwa zvakashanyirwa kwazvo muBaltic Gungwa rese.
Maruva uye fauna zveGungwa reBaltic
Iyo ecosystem yegungwa rino inova inodiwa kune vese masayendisiti nevanoongorora nekuti inopindura nekukurumidza kune akasiyana ekunze maitiro. Nekudaro, zvisinei, iri igungwa rakashata kwazvo muoksijeni, zvinoreva kuti mhuka hadzina kusiyana zvakanyanya. Kune chete mamwe marudzi ehove pakati pedu atinowana chando, pike, cod, salmon, sprat, basking shark uye hake. Zvakajairika zvekare kutarisa dzimwe mhuka dzakadai se porpoises, ringed seals, European otters uye shiri dzakadai chena shuramurove, havelda dhadha, cranes uye ospreys vanotsvaga chikafu pamhenderekedzo dzayo.
Panyaya yemaruva, iine okisijeni shoma, inogona kutora zvirimwa zvishoma. Iwe haugone kuwana dzakasiyana siyana dzezvirimwa dzakapihwa aya mamiriro asina kunaka kwavari. Miti inonyanya kuzivikanwa yatinoona pano ndeye brown algae, bladder sargassum uye zvirimwa zveZostera, Charophyta uye Potamogeton mapoka.
Hupfumi, kusvibiswa uye kukosha
Tiri kuenda kunoona paradigm yemunhu iriko yakatenderedza gungwa iri. Kana zviri zvehupfumi, isu tinoziva kuti inzira yakakosha yekufambisa kwezvinhu. Izvo zvine iyo chaiyo inenge dzimwe nzira makumi maviri nemana yekutakura yakakosha pakutakura zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvakawandisa zvakaita sesimbi, marasha, mhangura kana zviyo. Iyo zvakare yakakosha nzira yekutsvaga nekushandisa mafuta eRussia. Naizvozvo, pane zvakawanda zvinonetsa pamusoro pekukanganisa kusvibiswa kwemvura.
Iyo inzvimbo inounza yakawanda yakakura-yakakura yekushanya, kunyangwe iri mamiriro ayo ari kukanganiswawo nekusvibiswa kunoitwa nekuburitsa mahydrocarbon. Kudengenyeka kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye anthropogenic mhedzisiro zvinokanganisa gungwa iri zvakanyanya. Hove, kusvibiswa uye kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nevanhu kuri kuparadza zvakasikwa mamiriro egungwa iri.
Muna 2010 pakange paine kuwanda kwegreen algae iyo yakagadzira rakakura girini kudonha pane iyo nzvimbo yakakonzera kuti oxygen iderere zvakanyanya. Saka, chikamu chegungwa iri hachigare saka chinoonekwa senzvimbo yakafa. Iyo zvakare inoratidza iyo eutrophication maitiro ayo anokonzeresa akawanda ebacteria maruva kuti aoneke munzvimbo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reBaltic nehunhu hwayo hwese.