Pakati pemakungwa epasi, iyo Arctic Ocean ndiyo diki yemvura uye diki yekuchamhembe. Iyo zvakare inoonekwa seye inotonhora kwazvo gungwa papasi redu sezvo mazhinji emvura ayo akafukidzwa nehukuru hwakawanda hwechando mukati megore Mukati mayo mune hupenyu hwakagadziriswa kune aya mamiriro ane hasha emamiriro ekunze anotonhora. Nekudaro, iri rimwe remakungwa akanyanya kukanganiswa nemhedzisiro yakaipa yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwepasirese.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu, shanduko, maruva uye mhuka dzeArctic Ocean.
Mhando huru
Musiyano mukuru uripo ne Antartic Ocean ndeyekuti ine rakavanzika rekondinendi panowanikwa chando. Muchiitiko chekuti kunyungudika kwechando kunoenderera pamwero uyu, ichave iri South Pole inowedzera mwero wegungwa. Iyo Arctic Ocean haina shefu rekondinendi, asi mvura yechando chete. Izvi zvinoita kuti matombo akaomeswa nechando ave kuyangarara mukati memvura yepakati. Aya mazamu makuru echando akakomberedzwa negungwa rese mukati memwedzi yezhizha nemuchando, Sezvo mvura inotonhora, kukura kwayo kuchakura.
Inowanikwa kuchamhembe hemisphere mudunhu riri padyo neArctic Circle. Inogumira kumatunhu ari padyo neAsia, Europe neNorth America. Yambuka mvura naye Atlantic Ocean kuburikidza neStrait yeFram neGungwa reBarents. Iyo zvakare inopinda muPacific Ocean kuburikidza neBering Strait uye yakazara littoral mhenderekedzo yeAlaska, Canada, Northern Europe, neRussia.
Kudzika kwayo kukuru kuri pakati pe2000 uye 4000 metres. Iyo ine nzvimbo izere yeinosvika 14.056.000 mativi emakiromita.
Kuumbwa uye mamiriro ekunze egungwa reArctic
Kunyangwe kuumbwa kwegungwa iri kusiri kunyatsonzwisiswa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti rakaumbwa kare kare. Kune akanyanya mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anoita kuti zvidzidzo zvegungwa iri zviome. Inogarwa nevanhu veEskimo kweanenge makore zviuru makumi maviri. Vanhu ava vakakwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa anowanikwa munzvimbo idzi. Kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa ivo vave vachikwanisa kupfuudza ruzivo rwakakosha kuti vakwanise kuchinjika uye kujairira hupenyu munzvimbo idzi.
Mumakungwa aya zvisaririra zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza humbowo hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakagwamba zvachose. Inofungidzirwa kuti inogadzira angangoita angangoita mamirioni makumi manomwe emakore apfuura aive nemamiriro akafanana neayo Gungwa reMediterranean nhasi. Uye ndezvekuti mune dzimwe nguva uye nguva dze nguva yegeological gungwa iri rakawanikwa zvachose pasina chando.
Avhareji tembiricha munguva yechando mune izvi kudonha kwegungwa kune kukosha kwe -50 degrees, izvo zvinoita kuti kupona munzvimbo ino kuve odyssey. Mamiriro ekunze eku polar ndeimwe inotonhora kwazvo papasi, izvo zvinoita kuti ive neyakawedzera kana kushomeka uye kwakadzika kwazvo tembiricha yegore Inonyanya kuve yakakamurwa kuita mwaka miviri yeanenge mwedzi mitanhatu imwe neimwe. Tichaongorora zviteshi zviviri zviri muArctic Ocean:
- Zhizha: Pakati pemwedzi wezhizha tembiricha inokwenenzvera kutenderedza 0 degrees uye pane kuenderera kwechiedza kubva kuzuva maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Kune zvakare mhute inoenderera uye ine sinou inodzivirira chando kuti chisanyungudike zvachose Kubva panguva yezhizha kune zvakare madutu asina simba nemvura kana chando.
- Nguva yechando: iyo tembiricha inosvika pamitengo ye -50 degrees uye kune husingaperi husiku. Munguva ino yegore zuva harionekwe chero nguva. Matenga akajeka uye mamiriro ekunze akagadzikana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hapana pesheni kubva kuzuva.
Hatigone kukanganwa kuti chikonzero chikuru chekuti mamiriro ekunze aripo inyaya yekuita kwezuva. Naizvozvo, mukati memwedzi yechando kune mamiriro ekunze akagadzikana. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwepasirese, tembiricha yemwedzi yezhizha iri kuwedzera nekuwedzera, zvichikonzera kunyungudika kwakazara kweArctic Ocean yese.
Maruva nemhuka dzegungwa reArctic
Kunyangwe iri gungwa riri mumamiriro akaipisisa, kune zvipuka zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa kune aya nharaunda. Mazhinji acho ane makushe machena anoshanda sekuvanda uye kudzivirira kubva kuchando. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda kana zvishoma dzinenge mazana mana emhuka uye dzinochinjirwa kuchitonhora chakanyanya chenharaunda ino. Pakati pezvakanyanya kuzivikanwa tine mhando nhanhatu dzezvisimbiso uye shumba dzegungwa, marwenga emhando dzakasiyana uye bere repolar, ichive inonyanya kuzivikanwa.
Kune zvakare microscopic mollusks inozivikanwa se krill iyo inoita chinzvimbo chakakosha mune yegungwa ecological piramidhi. Izvo zvinomera zvakashomeka, zvisingaite zvakaumbwa nemamonya uye lichen.
Iwo makapu echando ayo anoumba muArctic Ocean makuru makuru echando. Iyo isiri-yemvura pamusoro iri kukura kaviri muhukuru munguva yechando uye ivo vakakomberedzwa nemvura yechando muzhizha. Aya makapisi kazhinji anosvika anenge maviri kusvika matatu emamita gobvu uye anogara achifambiswa nemvura nemhepo zvinobva kuSiberia. Tinogona pakupedzisira kuona zvimwe zvidimbu zveaizi zvinosangana pamwe chete zvobva zvanyatsobatanidzwa. Izvi zvinogadzira ridge yekuora moyo inopfuura katatu kukora kwemakepisi ayo akaumbwa pakutanga.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munyu wegungwa iri ndiwo wakadzikira pasi rese. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti evaporation yakanyanya kwazvo uye iyo meltwater, inotapira, inoikanganisa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo
Inofungidzirwa kuti mugungwa iri 25% yenzvimbo dzese dzakachengetedzwa dzemafuta, gasi rechisikigo, tini, manganese, goridhe, nickel, lead uye platinum zvinowanikwa.. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo nyowani inobvumidza kuwana kune izvi zviwanikwa sesimba uye zvine hungwaru nzvimbo yakakosha yakakosha kune ramangwana. Iyi gungwa ndiyo nzvimbo hombe yemvura yakachena pasi rose. Nyungudika yaro iri kukonzera kufa kwayo kuri pedyo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Arctic Ocean.