Kamar yadda kuka sani, cikakkiyar shekara a Duniya tana da yanayi 4: kaka, hunturu, bazara da bazara. Kasancewar lokutan ne saboda motsi na duniya a cikin kewayawarsa da ke kusa da Rana. Dogaro da latitude da tsawo wanda muke ciki a duniya, canje-canje a yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi na iya zama mafi ƙaranci ko kuma iyaka. Wato, akwai iya zama yanayi na shekara mai matukar mahimmanci da banbanci ko wasu da suka fi kama.
Anan za mu bayyana duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da lokutan shekara daki-daki don a warware shakku.
Lokutan shekara da mahimmancin su
A cikin yankunan tsakiyar latitude na duniyar, sauyin yanayi yana canzawa sosai tsawon shekara. Tashoshin yanayin suna da halaye da yawa ko ƙasa da kama a duk yankuna na wannan latitude. Canje-canje a yanayin zafi, ruwan sama, iska, da dai sauransu. Suna shafar shimfidar wuri, tunda an haɗa shi da ilimin halittu na rayayyun halittun da ke zaune cikinsu.
Hakanan ana lalata yanayin ƙasa a cikin birane tun lokacin da ayyukan ɗan adam suma suna canzawa tare da lokutan shekara. Ba daidai ba ne a ga yankunan bakin teku a tsakiyar lokacin bazara fiye da lokacin sanyi. Duk ayyukan da ado da kasancewar ko rashin taron jama'a a bakin rairayin bakin teku suna gyara yanayin wuri.
Gaba ɗaya, Muna magana ne game da yanayi 4 na shekara tare da tsawan watanni 3. Akwai yankuna a duniyarmu wadanda suke da yanayi biyu kawai a shekara: daya rigar daya kuma bushe. Wannan na faruwa, misali, a yankunan damina. Ruwan sama shine ruwan sama mai yawa a yankuna masu zafi. Suna faruwa a wani lokaci na shekara kuma suna haifar da mummunar ambaliyar ruwa.
Dalili da sakamako
Za mu san abin da ke haifar da lokutan shekara da kuma irin tasirin da yake haifarwa a rayuwar duniya. Axungiyarmu tana da hankali game da jirgin saman da ke kewaye da Rana game da digiri 23. Wannan yana nufin cewa wasu yankuna na Duniya suna karɓar hasken rana daban-daban a lokuta mabanbanta na shekara.
Bambancin yanayin da sassan duniya daban-daban suke da shi sun fi banbanta a yankunan sanyi da yanayi kuma sun fi sauƙi a wurare masu zafi. Misali, idan muka kusanci mahada, za a sami karancin yanayi a yanayin shekara. Wannan saboda galibi suna karɓar adadin hasken rana daidai, duk da cewa muna cikin wurare daban-daban dangane da rana a cikin kewayarmu.
Yawancin lokuta na shekara yawanci ana bambanta su da yanayin yanayi. Waɗannan lokutan suna ɗaukar kimanin watanni 3 kuma sun dogara da son zuciyar duniya. Mutum na iya tunanin cewa a lokacin rani ya fi zafi saboda duniyarmu tana kusa da Rana.Kodayake, ba haka lamarin yake ba. A baya, da nisa daga Duniya zuwa Rana ya fi girma a lokacin bazara fiye da lokacin sanyi. Duk wannan muna magana ne kan arewacin duniya. Koyaya, kamar yadda a lokacin hunturu akwai tsananin son hasken rana, yanayin zafi yayi kasa.
Lokutan shekara sune 4: bazara, bazara, kaka da damuna. A cikin biyun farko muna da halaye na yini mafi tsawo fiye da dare, yayin da a cikin sauran biyun akasin haka ne. Tunda bambance-bambancen yanayi da muka ambata sun samo asali ne saboda karkatarwar duniyar duniya, hakan baya faruwa a arewacin duniya kamar yadda yake a kudu. Dukkanin hemispheres suna tare da sakamako mai juyawa. Lokacin da lokacin rani ne a arewacin duniya, a kudancin duniya lokacin hunturu ne. Hakanan zamu iya ganin yadda lokacin bazara ya fara a wani yanki, kaka ta fara a wani.
Solstices da equinoxes
Yayin da Duniya ke tafiya tare da dogayen Pole na Arewa da aka karkata zuwa Rana, Pole ta Kudu yayi akasin haka. Wannan yana nufin cewa yankuna na arewa sun fi karɓar hasken rana fiye da waɗanda suke kudu.. An juya wannan tsari kuma yankuna masu tsaka-tsakin arewa suna samun ƙarancin zafi yayin da kwanaki ke taƙaitawa kuma hasken rana yana faduwa.
Ana tantance tashoshin taurari ta hanyar manyan wurare 4 na kewayar Duniya a kusa da rana. Wadannan mukamai da ake kira aphelion da perihelion sune suka bada tashi lokacin hunturu y rani da kuma Equinoxes na vernal kuma fada.
Lokacin da wani abu mai kamala yake faruwa, haskoki na rana suna bugawa ne kai tsaye a saman duniya, don haka suna faɗuwa a tsaye a masarufin. A gefe guda, idan solstices suka faru, akasin haka ke faruwa. Wato, hasken rana yana bugawa saman duniya bisa karkata na digiri 23,5. Wannan ya sanya Tropic of Cancer bazara da Tropic of Capricorn hunturu.
Ba duk lokutan shekara zasu kare iri ɗaya ba. Wannan saboda falaki ne da Duniya take zagaye da Rana ba zagaye yake ba, amma mai jan wuta ne. Wannan yana haifar da haifar da eccentricity. Duniya tana tafiya da sauri idan tana kusa da Rana kuma tana saurin tafiya idan tayi nisa.
Dangantakar kewayen duniya tare da tashoshin
Kowane yanayi na shekara bai zama daidai da kowane yanki ba. Duniya ta fi kusa da rana a farkon Janairu, amma a arewacin duniya muna cikin hunturu. Koyaya, a farkon watan Yuli munyi nisa da rana, amma a arewacin duniya lokacin rani ne. Lokacin bazara bai fi na kudu zafi ba kuma damuna ta fi sauki.
Lokutan shekara ba koyaushe suke farawa a rana ɗaya kuma a lokaci guda ba saboda jerin rikice-rikicen da Duniya ke fuskanta yayin da take juyawa da Rana. Idan kana son sanin daidai lokacin da kowace kakar ta fara, dole ne mu sanar kanmu daga telebijin ko kalandar taurari.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da lokutan shekara, me yasa aka kirkiresu da kuma irin halayensu.