Rana

Tabbas kun taba gani a sundial kuma da gaske baka san yadda ake amfani da shi ba. Nau'in kayan aiki ne da aka kirkira don auna shudewar lokaci ta hanyar tafiyar rana. Za a yi wakilcin zane na wannan nau'in agogon daga inuwar da aka samar ta hanyar bugun silili wanda aka san shi da sunan salo ko gnomon. Don sanin yadda lokaci yake wucewa cikin yini, ana gabatar da gabatarwa a kan tebur wanda a ciki aka rubuta alamomi daban-daban. Inuwar stylet din anyi mata suna ne da rana kuma ana tattara ta a saman wanda yake madaidaici ko silinda.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku dukkan halaye da tarihin asalin hasken rana.

Tarihin sundial

An kuma san wannan nau'in agogon da sunan bugun rana. Ba Helenawa bane suka fara magance wannan batun, kodayake a al'ada irin wannan kayan aikin ne suke ƙirƙirawa. A wannan yanayin, zamu sami Masarawa waɗanda, tun a cikin karni na XNUMX BC, tuni suka fara raba dare da yini zuwa daidaiku. Raba dare da rana zuwa daidaiku ya fara aiwatarwa ta bayyanar wasu taurari. Wannan shine yadda suka sami damar yin tunani da tsara hanyoyi daban-daban don sanin shigewar lokaci.

Matsalar wannan fom ita ce cewa ba a iya ɗaukarsa ba. Wasu karatun suna nuna cewa dutsen dala na Misira an riga an daidaita su ta wata hanya don su iya sanin wucewar lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, obelisks ɗin da aka tsara a wannan lokacin kuma sun cika wannan ra'ayin na auna hasken rana. Daga baya, ƙarnuka bayan haka, a zamanin Girkawa da na Roman, akwai takardu da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana shaidar ƙirar rana.

Yadda yake aiki

Sundial ya dogara ne akan inuwar da tsinken santsin ya sanya a farfajiyar. Tunda rana tana da wata kwatankwacin yanayi yayin da duniya take aiwatar da motsin ta na juyawa, ana iya kama awoyi daban-daban na yini a farfajiyar kuma stylus ɗin zai nuna inuwa daidai da lokacin da muke ciki.

Dole ne kuyi tunani game da bayyanar rana a kowace rana. Rana tana fitowa daga gabas, ta wuce kudu da tsakar rana, ta fadi yamma. Ana la'akari da tsakar rana da karfe 12 na safe. Yunkurin da ake tsammani na rana a duk tsawon wannan lokaci shine motsi na yau da kullun. Ya ɓace a yamma kuma ya sake yin gabas, amma kamar yadda yake haka, dare ne a gare mu. Ta wannan hanyar muke ganin hakan duk hanyar rana tana da kusurwa na digiri 360 cikin kimanin awanni 24. Saurin da yake tafiya akai-akai shine digiri 15 na mafi kyawun jima'i a cikin awa daya.

Da zarar mun san wannan, dole ne muyi tunanin cewa rana tana yin motsi ta hanyar juyawa da iyakar duniya. Idan muna son sanin wane lokaci ne gwargwadon motsin rana, dole ne mu sami wakilci mai aminci kamar yadda zai yiwu ga juyawar duniya. Dole ne salon mu na rana ya kasance daidai da karkatar duniyar duniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa sha'awar da wannan salon zai samu dangane da tsaye a wurin da muke dole ya zama daidai da latitude da muke ciki.

Yadda ake yin rana

Zamuyi magana game da jagororin da ake buƙata don samun damar yin rana a matsayin mai sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu. A wannan yanayin, yin hasken rana ya fara da sanyawa salo ko salo na alkiblar duniya. Wato, kusan dDole ne mu sanya salon a cikin shugabancin arewa da kudu. Don tabbatar da cewa wannan salon yana cikin madaidaicin matsayi, dole ne mu tabbatar da latit ɗin wurin da muke. Ana iya koyon latitude na yankin da muke zaune daga a tsara taswira.

Da zaran mun sanya stylus din tuni mun riga mun tsayar da yanayin latitude dinmu. Godiya ga wannan latitude mun san sha'awar da dole ne mu sanya sandar. Yanzu kawai muna buƙatar zana quadrant inda inuwar take nunawa kuma sanya alamun sa'o'in yini. A cikin murabba'i ko allon za mu sanya ta wata hanyar daban irin hasken rana da muke son ginawa. Anan dole ne ku ba da kyauta kyauta ga tunanin. Kowane irin rana zai kasance yana da tsari daban-daban gwargwadon dandano.

Nau'o'in rana

Zamuyi nazarin menene ire-iren nau'ukan rana wadanda ke wanzuwa. Wadannan nau'ikan zasu bambanta dangane da yanayin kwatankwacin ku. Muna da nau'ikan masu zuwa:

• Equatorial rana: su ne waɗanda ke da quadrant ɗin da aka ɗora a kan jirgin sama daidai da mai ba da sararin duniya. Anan muna da cikakkiyar ma'anar salo mai sauƙi kuma yana da sauƙin sanya wannan jirgin. Dole ne kawai mu sani cewa suna da karkata na digiri 90 a kwance.
• Shin agogo ne a kwance: sune waɗancan agogunan da suke da bugun kiran da aka sanya a tsaye zuwa tsaye a wurin. Suna da sauƙin ginawa da fassara tunda alamar ta faɗo arewa kuma ba za a yiwa mutum huɗu alama a duk sa'o'in yini ba.
• Tsayayyen rana: nau'ikan nau'ikan samfurin ne waɗanda salon ke fuskantar su ta hanyar arewa da kudu. Bugun kiran yana nuna awannin yini kuma bugun yana tsaye. Ka tuna cewa zamu iya daidaita quadaran zuwa arewa ko kudu, zuwa gabas ko yamma.
• Sauran nau'ikan ranaAkwai wasu nau'ikan hasken rana waɗanda basu da yawa amma zasu iya yin tasiri kamar haka. Anan muka sami agogon fasto wanda za'a iya ɗaukarsa, a tsaye kuma ƙarami. Wadannan agogon sun sami wannan suna ne tun da makiyaya suna amfani da su don sanin lokacin da ya kamata su kwashe shanun su yi kiwo. Wani nau'in hasken rana shine agogon diptych. Wannan agogon ya yi fice don raba quadrants biyu zuwa kashi ɗaya a tsaye ɗayan kuma a kwance. Wadannan quadrants guda biyu suna hade da wata axis. A wannan yanayin, zamu ga cewa salon zaren ne wanda aka barshi ana tunani lokacin da muka sanya duka huɗun a gefe ɗaya. A yadda aka saba suna buƙatar kamfas don su iya sanya alamar awanni da kyau.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yanayin rana da halayenta.