Idan muka ga wani tsara taswira dole ne mu san yadda zamu fassarashi tunda yana iya bamu bayanai da yawa game da wuraren da yake nunawa. Wannan taswirar tana amfani da tsarin daidaita yanayin kasa, wanda yake tsari ne wanda yake nuni zuwa kowane bangare a doron kasa. Don yin wannan, yana amfani da haɗin haɗin kusurwa guda biyu waɗanda suke latitude da longitude.
Idan kuna son sanin yadda ake fassara taswirar daidaitawa da yadda yake da mahimmanci, wannan shine post ɗinku.
Menene taswirar daidaitawa
Taswirar daidaitawa shine wanda ke amfani da tsarin haɗin yanki tare da haɗin mai kusurwa biyu: latitude, wanda ke nuna arewa, kudu mai kyau, da kuma longitude wanda baya nuna gabas ko yamma. Idan muna so mu san kusurwar gefen saman duniya dangane da tsakiyar duniya, kawai zamu daidaita ne da juyawarta.
Don sanin menene taswirar daidaitawa, dole ne mu san wasu mahimman bayanai. Abu na farko shine sanin menene daidaito. Ecuador wani yanki ne wanda yake da alaƙa da juyawar duniya. Saboda haka, da'ira guda ce. Bugu da ari, tana da babban halayyar cewa daidai yake da sandunan kuma ita ce ta raba duniyarmu zuwa sassan duniya biyu. A bangaren arewa muna da yankin arewa, wanda ya kunshi wani yanki wanda ya hada daga Equator zuwa arewacin sanda. Ta wani bangaren kuma, muna da bangaren kudu wanda wani yanki ne wanda yake zuwa daga Equator zuwa kudu. A sandar kudu Antarctica ne.
Duka arewaci da kudancin Ecuador akwai daidaici kuma sun kasance jerin ofan ƙananan da'ira na Ecuador. Wadannan da'irar ko kuma kirkirarrun tunani kuma suna karami yayin da suke kusantar sandunan. Nisa tsakanin kowace da'ira iri daya ce, don haka aka san ta da daidaici.
Daidaici na musamman akan taswirar daidaitawa
Zamu bayyana abin da kamanceceniya take a taswirar daidaitawa. Babban wadanda muke dasu shine na yankin daji na daji da kuma na filako na capricorn. Waɗannan kamanceceniya guda biyu sune waɗanda ke nuna mafi ƙanƙan arewa da kuma ƙarshen kudu na Equator. A wadannan wurare ne inda hasken rana yake sauka a tsaye. Wato, sune mafiya tsayi kuma mafi girman latitude da rana zata iya kaiwa a bayyane na motsi na shekara.
Saboda haka, mun san cewa lokacin bazara tsakanin 21 ga Yuni da 22 ne. A wannan rana rana tana fitowa kai tsaye kan Tropic of Cancer kuma tana da cikakkiyar karko da doron ƙasa. A gefe guda kuma, a cikin yanki mai zafi na Capricorn haskoki na rana yawanci suna da alaƙa da saman duniya yayin lokacin sanyi, kusan 23 ga Disamba.
Wasu mahimmancin kamanceceniya guda biyu sune Arctic Circle da Antarctic Circle. Waɗannan sune waɗanda ke nuna alamun arewa da kudu mafi ƙarancin Ecuador inda rana bata samu faduwa a sararin samaniya ba ko kuma kai tsaye bata samu tashi ba. Anan ne muke da cikakkun kwanaki ba dare ba rana ko cikakken dare ba rana. Daga waɗancan da'irorin zuwa ga sandunan, yawan kwanaki kuma kawai yana ƙaruwa sannan kuma yana raguwa har zuwa lokacin da sandunan zasu bi watanni 6 na duhu da kuma wata 6 na haske. Polar da'ira suna da nisa iri ɗaya daga sandunan da wurare masu zafi na Equator.
Meridians akan taswira mai tsarawa
Sauran mahimman mahimman taswirar taswira sune meridians. Meridians sune zagaye zagaye waɗanda suke wucewa daga sandunan kuma suna haɗe da Equator. Kada mu manta cewa duk waɗannan abubuwan taswirar haɗin kai ƙage ne. Ana amfani dasu kawai don kafa haɗin kai a wani matsayi. Kowace meridian tana da da'ira biyu, ɗayan yana ƙunshe da meridian da ake magana a kansa ɗayan kuma kishiyar meridian ne. Gabas ta gabas tana gabas da Meridian da ake la'akari dashi kuma yamma tana yamma da yamma.
Darajojin 0 meridian shine wanda yake wucewa Greenwich Observatory da ke London, don haka an san shi da sunan Greenwich meridian. Wannan meridian shine wanda ya kasa duniya zuwa yanki biyu: gabas ko gabas wacce take gabas da meridian da aka fada da kuma yamma ko gabashin da take yamma da ita.
Latitud da longitude
Waɗannan abubuwa biyu suna da mahimmanci a cikin taswirar daidaitawa. Duk wani wuri a doron ƙasa ana iya nusar dashi don tsinkayar mai layi ɗaya da kuma meridian. Wannan shine inda yanayin latitude da longitude ke fitowa. Latitude ita ce abin da ke ba da wurin ko dai arewa ko kudu daga Equator. An bayyana shi a cikin ma'aunin angular wanda ke tsakanin 0 zuwa digiri 90. Ana kiransa digiri na arewa da na kudu. Idan muka bi da layin da ke tafiya daga aya zuwa tsakiyar yanki, kusurwar da wannan layin yake samarwa tare da tsarin daidaitaccen yanki zai zama latitude din wannan wurin.
Darajojin latitude galibi ana raba su daidai. Koyaya, saboda ɗan lanƙwasa da duniya tayi a yankin sandunan, yana haifar da matakin latitude ya bambanta.
A gefe guda muna da tsawon. Longitude shine wanda ke ba da wuri a wuri tsakanin gabas ko yamma shugabanci daga matatar da ake kira Greenwich meridian. Ana bayyana daga ƙimar digiri 0 zuwa digiri 180, yana nufin ko gabas ko yamma. Duk da yake matakin latitude ya yi daidai da tazarar da kusan iri ɗaya take, iri ɗaya ba ya faruwa da matakin longitude. Wannan saboda da'irorin da muke auna wannan nisan sun haɗu zuwa sandunan. A Ecuador akwai mataki na longitude wanda yayi daidai da nisan kilomita 11132 kuma Sakamakon rarraba kewayen Equator ne da digiri 360 na kewayen duniya.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake fassara taswirar daidaitawa.