Uma sikhuluma ngakho ukwanda sikhuluma ngokukhula komzimba ngokuhlanganiswa kwemizimba emincane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni we-astronomy ne-astrophysics futhi isebenza ukuchaza izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinjengama-dissellell disc, ama-accretion disc noma ukunwetshwa kweplanethi yasemhlabeni. Umbono wokuqongelela amaplanethi wahlongozwa ngo-1944 yisazi se-geophysicist saseRussia u-Otto Schmidt.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuqongelela nokubaluleka kwako.
Kuyini ukunwebeka
Ukunwebeka kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi izinkanyezi, amaplanethi namasathelayithi athile akhiwe kusuka ku-nebula akheke kanjani. Kunezinto eziningi zezulu lezulu zakhiwe ngokunqwabelana kwezinhlayiya ngokuncipha nangokweqile okuphambene nalokho. Ku-cosmos kungathiwa yonke into inomazibuthe ngandlela thile. Ezinye zezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu emvelweni zingamandla kazibuthe.
Ukunemba kukhona ezintweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene zezinkanyezi. Ngisho nasemigodini emnyama le nto ikhona. Izinkanyezi ezijwayelekile neze-neutron nazo zinokuqongelela. Kuyinqubo lapho ubuningi obuvela ngaphandle buwela enkanyezini ethile. Isibonelo, amandla adonsela phansi akhishwa umfutho omhlophe abangela ukuba isisindo siwele kuwo. Ngenjwayelo, inkanyezi ivame ukuntanta endaweni yonke ezungezwe isikhala esasingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izimo eziningi ezingadala ukuthi inqwaba iwele kule nto yasezulwini. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi ezithile lapho kungenzeka khona.
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izimo lapho ukwandiswa kwenzeka khona.
Izimo zokuqongelela
Esinye sezimo lapho ukuvelela kungenzeka khona umzimba wasezulwini ukuthi inkanyezi inomlingani wayo enye inkanyezi. Lezi zinkanyezi kumele zizungeze. Kwesinye isikhathi inkanyezi ehambisana nayo isondele kakhulu kangangokuthi isisindo sidonswa siye komunye ngamandla aze agcine ewele kuso. Njengoba inkwethu emhlophe incane ngosayizi wenkanyezi ejwayelekile, ubukhulu bayo kufanele bufinyelele ebusweni bayo ngejubane elikhulu. Masithathe isibonelo ukuthi akuyona inkanyezi emhlophe, kodwa inkanyezi ye-neutron noma imbobo emnyama. Kulokhu, ijubane liseduze nejubane lokukhanya.
Lapho ifinyelela ngaphezulu, ubukhulu buzokwehla ngokungazelelwe ukuze ijubane lihluka cishe kusenesivinini sokukhanya kuye kunani eliphansi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka esimweni sokuba yinkanyezi ye-neutron. Unjalo-ke Kukhishwa inani elikhulu lamandla elivame ukubonakala njenge-X-ray.
Ukunwetshwa njengenqubo ephumelelayo
Ososayensi abaningi bayabuza ukuthi i-Accretion ingenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuguqula isisindo sibe ngamandla. Siyazi ukuthi, ngenxa ka-Einstein, amandla nobukhulu kuyalingana. Ilanga lethu likhipha amandla ngenxa yokusabela kwenuzi ngamandla angaphansi kwe-1%. Yize kubukeka kunenani elikhulu lamandla elangeni, likhishwa ngokungafanele. Uma siphonsa isisindo enkanyezini ye-neutron, cishe u-10% wabo bonke ubunzima obuwile buguqulwa baba amandla e-radioactive. Kungashiwo ukuthi kuyinkqubo esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuguqula udaba lube ngamandla.
Izinkanyezi zakhiwa ukuqoqwa okuncane kwesisindo okuvela endaweni ezikuyo. Imvamisa lesi siga senziwa ifu lamangqamuzana. Uma ukunqwabelana kwenzeka ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga, kuyisimo esihluke kakhulu. Lapho ubuningi besisindo buminyene ngokwanele ukuqala ukuzihehela ngokwaso ngokuheha kwayo, kuyancipha ukwakha inkanyezi. Amafu wamangqamuzana azungeza kancane futhi anezigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, ifu liwela kudiski ejikelezayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinkontileka zediski zihamba kancane ukwenza inkanyezi enkabeni.
Phakathi nale nqubo izinto zenzeka ngaphakathi kwama-disc. Okuthakazelisa kunakho konke kungaphakathi kwama-disc ukwakheka kwamaplanethi kwenzeka. Esikubona njengesimiso sonozungezilanga ekuqaleni kwakuyidiski yokuqongelela eyakhipha ilanga. Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kwelanga, ingxenye yothuli lwediski yanxeshezelwa ukunika amaplanethi angaphansi kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Konke lokhu kwenza uhlelo lwelanga lube yinsali yalokho okwenzeka kudala. Idiski ye-protostellar ibaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni oluhlobene nokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi nezinkanyezi. Namuhla, ososayensi baqhubeka nokucinga amaplanethi azungeze ezinye izinkanyezi ezilingisa ezinye izinhlelo zelanga. Konke lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu ne- indlela ama-discretion discs asebenza ngayo.
Umbuso wokuthola izimbobo ezimnyama
Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi yonke imithala inembobo emnyama enkabeni yayo. Abanye babo baye izimbobo ezimnyama ezinesisindo sezigidigidi zamasosha elanga. Noma kunjalo, ezinye zinemigodi emincane emincane kakhulu efana neyethu. Ukuze kutholakale ubukhona bomgodi omnyama, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi kukhona umthombo wento ethile ongayinikeza ngobuningi.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi umgodi omnyama uhlelo olunambambili olunenkanyezi ezungeza indawo ezungezile. Umbono ka-Einstein wokuhlobana ubikezela ukuthi umlingani wenkanyezi usondela emgodini omnyama uze uqale ukunikela ngobuningi bawo lapho usondela. Kepha ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkanyezi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhiqizwe idiski yokwengeza nokuthi ubukhulu buphelela emgodini omnyama. Yonke le nqubo ihamba kancane. Lapho enye inqwaba iwela emgodini omnyama, ngaphambi kokunyamalala, ifinyelela ngejubane lokukhanya. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge umkhathizwe womcimbi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-accretion nezici zayo.