Engxenyeni engezansi yomkhathi kulapho kwenzeka khona zonke izimo zezulu. Enye yazo iqhwa. Abantu abaningi abazi kahle yini iqhwa ngokuphelele, ngoba abazi ukwakheka kwayo, izici zayo nemiphumela yayo kahle. Isithwathwa sibizwa nangokuthi amanzi eqhwa. Akuyona into ngaphandle kwamanzi aqinile awela ngokuqondile emafwini. Amakhekheba eqhwa akhiwa amakristalu eqhwa, futhi lapho ewela ebusweni bomhlaba amboza yonke into ngengubo enhle emhlophe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi liyini iqhwa, yiziphi izici zalo, ukuthi livela kanjani kanye nezinye izifiso.
Yini iqhwa
Iqhwa eliwayo laziwa njengeqhwa. Lesi simo sijwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi ezibonakaliswa amazinga okushisa aphansi (imvamisa ebusika). Lapho iqhwa lisinda imvamisa icekela phansi ingqalasizinda yedolobha futhi iphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke neyezimboni kaningi. Isakhiwo amakhekheba eqhwa Fractal. Ama-Fractals ayizimo ze-geometric eziphindaphindwe ngezikali ezahlukahlukene, zikhiqiza imiphumela ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
Amadolobha amaningi asebenzisa iqhwa njengokuheha kwabo izivakashi (isibonelo, iSierra Nevada). Ngenxa yokuwa kweqhwa okusindayo kulezi zindawo, ungazijwayeza imidlalo ehlukene njengokushibilika eqhweni noma ukushibilika eqhweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkambu zeqhwa zinikeza ukubukwa okuhle, okungaheha izivakashi eziningi futhi kukhiqize inzuzo enkulu.
Isithwathwa amakristalu amancane wamanzi afriziwe akhiwa ngokumunca amaconsi amanzi ku-troposphere ephezulu. Lapho la mathonsi amanzi eshayisana, ayahlangana akhe amakhekheba eqhwa. Lapho isisindo seqhwa leqhwa likhulu kunokumelana nomoya, lizokuwa.
Ukuziqeqesha
Izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwamaqhwa eqhwa kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-zero. Inqubo yokwakheka iyafana neyeqhwa noma isichotho. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwabo ukushisa kokwakheka.
Lapho iqhwa liwela phansi, liyaqoqeka linqwabelane. Uma nje izinga lokushisa eliseduze lihlala lingaphansi kuka-zero, iqhwa lizoqhubeka nokuba khona futhi lizoqhubeka nokugcinwa. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amakhekhe eqhwa azoqala ukuncibilika. Izinga lokushisa okwakhiwa ngalo amakhekheba eqhwa ngokuvamile liba ngu -5 ° C. Ingakha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kepha iqala kaningi ukusuka ku- -5 ° C.
Ngokuvamile, abantu bahlobanisa iqhwa namakhaza amakhulu, kepha empeleni, ukuwa kweqhwa okuningi kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingu-9 ° C noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isici esibaluleke kakhulu asibhekwa: umswakama omubi. Umswakama uyisinqumo esinqumayo sokuba khona kweqhwa endaweni. Uma isimo sezulu somile kakhulu, ngeke likhithike noma ngabe izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu. Isibonelo salokhu yizigodi ezomile ze-Antarctica, lapho kuneqhwa kodwa kungalokothi kube neqhwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa liyoma. Imayelana nalezo zikhathi lapho iqhwa elenziwa umswakama wezemvelo lidlula emoyeni omile omningi, liguqule amakhekheba eqhwa abe uhlobo lwempuphu enganamatheli kunoma iyiphi indawo, ekahle ukwenza imidlalo eqhweni. Isithwathwa ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa sinezici ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwemiphumela yesimo sezulu, noma ngabe kunomoya onamandla, iqhwa elincibilikayo, njll.
Izinhlobo zeqhwa
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeqhwa ngokuya ngendlela eliwela noma elenziwa ngayo nendlela eligcinwa ngayo.
- Isithwathwa: Luhlobo lweqhwa elakha ngqo emhlabathini. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-zero futhi umswakama uphakeme, amanzi asemhlabeni aba yiqhwa abese enze isithwathwa. La manzi aqoqana ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivunguzwe umoya futhi angathwala amanzi aye ezitshalweni nasemadwaleni emhlabeni. Kungakha amaflaya amakhulu anezimpaphe noma ama-crust aqinile.
- Isithwathwa esineqhwa: umehluko phakathi kwalokhu nowangaphambilini ukuthi leli qhwa likhiqiza amafomu ekhristali acacile, njengamaqabunga. Inqubo yokwakheka kwayo yehlukile kuleyo yesithwathwa esivamile. It kwakhiwa inqubo Sublimation.
- Iqhwa lempuphu: Lolu hlobo lweqhwa lubonakala ngokuba nokukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhanya. Ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemikhawulo emibili nendawo emaphakathi yekristalu, ilahlekelwa ukubumbana. Lolu hlobo lweqhwa lungashibilika kahle kuma-skis.
- Iqhwa elinamanzi amaningi: Lolu hlobo lweqhwa lwakhiwa ukuncibilika okuqhubekayo nokubuyisa amakhaza kwezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi kepha anelanga. Isithwathwa sinamakristalu aminyene, ayindilinga.
- Isithwathwa esinyamalalayo ngokushesha: lolu hlobo lweqhwa luvame kakhulu entwasahlobo. Inengubo ethambile, emanzi ngaphandle kokumelana okukhulu. Lolu hlobo lweqhwa lungadala ama-avalchi angamanzi noma ama-avalchi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinemvula encane.
- Iqhwa elibunjiwe: Lolu hlobo lweqhwa lwakhiwa lapho ubuso bamanzi ancibilikile buqala kabusha bese bakhe ungqimba oluqinile. Izimo eziholela ekwakhiweni kwaleli qhwa umoya oshisayo, ukufingqana ebusweni bamanzi, ukuvela kwelanga nemvula. Imvamisa, lapho kudlula i-ski noma ibhuthi, ungqimba olwakhekayo luba lincane futhi luphuke. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lapho lina, kuqhamuka uqweqwe olujiyile bese amanzi ehla eqhweni bese eba yiqhwa. Lolu hlobo lukakhokho luyingozi kakhulu ngoba luyashelela. Lolu hlobo lweqhwa luvame kakhulu ezindaweni nasezikhathini lapho lina khona.
Umphumela womoya eqhweni
Umoya unemiphumela yokuqhekeka, ukuminyana nokuhlanganiswa kuzo zonke izingqimba zomhlaba zeqhwa. Lapho umoya uletha ukushisa okwengeziwe, umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa ungcono. Yize ukushisa okunikezwa umoya kunganele ukuncibilikisa iqhwa, ingaqinisa iqhwa ngokuguquguquka. Uma ungqimba olungezansi lubhidlika kakhulu, la mapaneli womoya angakhiwa angahlephuka. Kufana nalokhu-ke lapho kwakhiwa i-avalanche.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi liyini iqhwa nezici zalo.