Yini intwasahlobo

Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile. Enye yazo yi- intwasahlobo. Eziningi zazo zazithathwa njengezindawo ezingcwele emasikweni athile asendulo. Kunemithombo esatshalaliswa umhlaba wonke futhi ngayinye inezici ezihlukile. Iningi lazo linesici esivamile futhi lokho ukuthi amanzi abo anezinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzeka.

Kulesi sihloko sizokufundisa konke odinga ukukwazi ngemithombo, izici nezinhlobo zazo.

Yini intwasahlobo

U-70% womhlaba ngamanzi. Le nto ebalulekile yempilo ivela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene futhi isatshalaliswa ngezici ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. La manzi atholakala olwandle, emachibini, emifuleni, futhi angaqandiswa nasezinguzini zeqhwa. Noma kunjalo, amanzi abuye acashe emhlabathini, emanzini noma emachibini angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo zemithombo kuzosisiza ukuthi siqonde ukuthi ayini amanzi entwasahlobo nokuthi amanzi asuka kuwo avelaphi.

Amanzi entwasahlobo aqhamuka ekugelezeni kwamanzi kusuka phansi noma phakathi kwamatshe bese enyukela phezulu. Amanye amanzi asentwasahlobo acwila emvuleni, eqhweni, noma emadwaleni angenalutho enza amanzi ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kwemithombo ethile kuzoya ngesizini nemvula, kubangela ukuthi iziphethu ezibangelwa yi-seepage zome ngezikhathi zemvula encane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, labo abanethrafikhi eningi bangasetshenziswa ukuphakela abantu bendawo. Umsuka wamanzi entwasahlobo yilokho okusivumela ukuthi sisungule izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.

Isici samanzi entwasahlobo ukuthi amsulwa ngokwanele ukuthi angabhekwa njengokufanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi atholakala ngqo echibini elingaphansi komhlaba. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-aquifer kudlala indima yemvelo yokuvikela ukuvimbela amanzi ekungcolisweni eminye imithombo yamanzi (njengemifula noma izilwandle).

Kodwa-ke, la manzi angaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi eqinile ukuze akwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ngokukhishwa kanye nokuthengiswa kwamanzi entwasahlobo, inkampani kufanele ibhaliswe kwiRejista Yokuhlanzeka Ngokudla Okuphethwe yi-AESAN (iSpanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition). Noma kunjalo, iSpain isenezinkampani eziningi ezinikezelwe emanzini asemabhodleleni. Kuphela eCastilla y León ngaphezulu kwamalitha ayizigidi ezingama-600 amanzi entwasahlobo afakwa emabhodleleni unyaka nonyaka, elimele kuphela u-10,5% womkhiqizo kazwelonke.

Izinhlobo zentwasahlobo

Izinhlobo ezintathu zemithombo zingahlukaniswa: iziphethu ezihlala njalo, eziphakathi nendawo nezobuciko. Ekukhuleni kwamanzi amanzi avela ekujuleni okungaphansi kwetafula lamanzi (indawo yokugcwalisa), lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.

Entwasahlobo efika njalo amanzi avela lapho izinga lamanzi lisondele ezingeni lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba; ngakho-ke, amanzi alo ageleza kuphela lapho izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi semvula. Ekugcineni, Iziphethu ze-Artesian ziyiziphethu ezenziwe ngabantu. Akhiwe ngenxa yokumba imithombo ejulile, futhi izinga lawo lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba liphakeme kunomhlabathi.

Njengamanje, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, ukuqoqwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ama-aquifers kuthinteka kakhulu. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akusitholi isikhathi esidingekayo sokuzivuselela, okuhumusha ekwehleni kwenani lamanzi atholakalayo.

Futhi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuthinta ngokuphelele ikhwalithi yawo. Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, kungadingeka sibheke le mifula eyigugu iyoma. Ongoti bakule ndawo baxwayise ngokuthi ukwehliswa kwemithombo etholakalayo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuyakhathaza, okubeka ubungozi ezigidini zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi

Kumele sazi ukuthi isiphethu sinezici ezihlukile ezikwenza uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo olunenani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile:

• Zitholakala ku- imithambeka yezintaba nangaphansi kwemigodi noma izakhiwo ezifanayo. Ulwandle lwabo lungavela futhi ezansi.
• Zenziwa lapho idamu elingaphansi komhlaba ligcwala ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi. La manzi avela emvuleni enkulu esifundeni.
• Iziphethu ingaba unomphela futhi ibe yisikhashana kuya ngohlobo lwendawo kanye nedwala eliyenzayo. Idwala lingakwazi ukuhlunga amanzi amaningi noma angaphansi. Kufanele futhi uhlaziye inani lamanzi eliwatholayo ethangini lokuvula kabusha.
• Iziphethu ezishisayo nazo zibhekwa njengeziphethu. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukanisayo ukuthi amanzi angadlula amazinga angama-40 okushisa.

Ukuze usebenzise amanzi avela emthonjeni, inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi kufanele yenziwe kuqala. Lapho amanzi entwasahlobo efinyelela esitshalweni sokulanda esiqoqiwe kanye / noma esikhishwe endaweni yemvelo, inqubo yokuguqula iyaqala. Okokuqala, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zisuswa ngesihlungi sesihlabathi. Esigabeni esilandelayo, amanzi adlula ngesihlungi sekhabhoni, lapho i-chlorine isuswa ngokumunca, okwenza amanzi ahlanzeke ngokwengeziwe. Kamuva, inqubo ye-UV yenziwe yasebenza ukubulala amagciwane emanzini lapho ifuna ama-microorganisms noma amabhaktheriya.

Izimbali nezilwane

Iziphethu akuyona indawo enokwehluka kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Amanzi angapheli ngokuvamile ahlala ezinhlanzini ezahlukahlukene zamanzi angenasawoti, kufaka phakathi i-trout. Ezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala kuwo isikhathi eside, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zingafika zizophuza amanzi, zizivuselele noma zondle. Izinambuzane zivame kakhulu endaweni yazo.

Iziphethu ezinkulu zingasekela ububanzi bezinhlobo zokuphila. Abanye, ngenxa yokuhlushwa kwesikhutha noma amaminerali emanzini abo, abakwazi ukuxhasa impilo yezinhlanzi noma ezinye izilwane, kodwa angaba namabhaktheriya nezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngohlaza, zingazungezwa cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo, kufaka phakathi amahlathi nezindawo ezinotshani, ngoba azigcini kuma-biomes noma emvelweni.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuthi iyini intwasahlobo nokubaluleka kwayo.