Ithiyori ye-Big Bang ehlongozwayo iyincazelo eyaziwa kakhulu yemvelaphi yendawo yonke yethu. Le modeli iphakamisa ukuthi isikhala sacindezelwa, okuholele esimweni esincanyana, esiminyene, futhi esishisayo. Phakathi nalesi simo, esasikhona cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.800 edlule, zonke izakhi ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ebukhoneni bethu zadalwa. Nokho, abantu abaningi bayazibuza Yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kweBig Bang?.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kwe-Big Bang nokuthi yiziphi izinkolelo-mbono ezisekela lokho.
Yini i-Big Bang
Into yokuqala ukwazi ukuthi yini iBig Bang. Yithiyori yesayensi echaza umsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke njengoba siwazi. Ngokwalo mbono, indawo yonke yaqala ukuba khona eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.8 edlule esimweni esishisa kakhulu nesiminyene. Ngaleso sikhathi sokuqala, Zonke izinto namandla akha umkhathi wamanje bekugxilwe endaweni engenakulinganiswa, ubunye.
Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, leli phuzu laba nokwanda okukhulu futhi laba indawo yonke eyandayo esiyaziyo namuhla. Phakathi nalokhu kwanda, izinga lokushisa lehla futhi le ndaba yaphola, kwavumela ukwakheka kwama-athomu, futhi kamuva, izinkanyezi nemithala. Le nqubo yokwandisa nokupholisa iyaqhubeka namuhla.
Yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kweBig Bang?
Naphezu kwalo mbono owamukelwa kabanzi, ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lwajula nakakhulu, lubonisa lokho okwakukhona ngaphambi kweBig Bang. Kulabo abajwayelene nesihloko, Kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo ukungabaza izenzakalo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa Kwendawo Yonke, njengoba sikuqonda njengamanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokwalo mbono, zonke izingxenye ze-cosmos zacindezelwa emzimbeni ongekho mkhulu kunepentshisi, ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-degree ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, kunemibono eminingana efuna ukucacisa ukuthi yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo esibalulekile.
Le mibono yethule izinselele ezibalulekile ku-physics, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla umthombo oshiwo ngenhla. Ubunkimbinkimbi balo mbuzo bulele ekutheni izibalo zibukeka zifike kwangqingetshe kulokhu kuthungathwa. Nokho, Iqiniso liye labonakala lihluke kakhulu. Masiyithuthukise.
Phakathi nengxoxo yakamuva eyenziwe yi-National Geographic En Español, uDkt. Vladimir Ávila-Reese, umcwaningi we-Astronomy Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), uchaze izimiso ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-Big Bang theory.
- Umkhathi awunawo amaphuzu abhekwa njengelungelo, ukuba yizici zesikhathi sesikhathi kanye nobunjalo bento namandla alinganayo kunoma yisiphi isikhundla nesiqondiso ngokwesilinganiso.
- Indawo yonke ayimi ndawonye, njengoba yaqala esimweni sobunye futhi ibilokhu ihamba njalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ukunyakaza kwayo kubonakala ngokunwebeka noma ukufinyela, okunqunywa uhlobo lwento yayo kanye nokwakheka okunamandla.
- Njengoba ukwanda kwenzeka, izici zazo zombili izinto namandla zibhekana noshintsho olubalulekile. Yonke into esikhathini esidlule ibisondele kakhulu, iminyene, ishisa futhi inomdlandla kunamanje.
Umbuzo wokuthi yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kweBig Bang useyimpicabadala kososayensi nezazi ngokufanayo. Ukuqonda umsuka wendawo yonke kusikisela ukuthi noma isiphi isenzakalo ngaphambi kwe-Big Bang singaphezu kokuqonda kwethu kanye nemingcele yolwazi lwethu lwamanje lwesayensi.
indawo ye-ecpyrotic
Igama elithi "ecpyrotic universe" libhekisela kumodeli ecatshangelwayo yecosmological ephakamisa ukuthi indawo yonke yaba nenqubo ejikelezayo ukunwetshwa nokufinyela, lapho umjikelezo ngamunye waqala khona "ngokuqhuma okukhulu" futhi waphela "ngokuqhekeka okukhulu." Lo mbono ubeka ukuthi ukuphela komjikelezo ngamunye kubangela ukuthi indawo yonke yehliswe ibe yisimo esinamandla amakhulu, esibizwa ngokuthi "isimo se-ecpyrotic," lapho umjikelezo omusha uqala khona.
Isiphakamiso sokuqala sinomsuka ku-Ecpyrotic Universe, okuyimodeli ye-cosmological echaza isiqalo nesakhiwo somkhathi. Le modeli izuza entuthukweni eyenziwe ku-string theory.
Ngokwale modeli, i-Big Bang ingahle ibe umphumela wenqubo ebanzi. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi indawo yonke iqukethe amaphethini okuziphendukela kwemvelo aphindaphindayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Lo mqondo uholela ekubeni nokwenzeka kokuba khona kwama-universe ahambisanayo.
I-hypothesis okukhulunywa ngayo ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nethiyori yezintambo, engakaziwa ngokugcwele emphakathini wesayensi. Imiqondo eminingana ephakanyiswe yile thiyori, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kobubanzi, ama-branes, kanye ne-orbit, kusaxoxwa ngayo futhi kusalokhu kungaxazululiwe.
Nakuba ngaphambili kuye kwathiwa i-ecpyrotic Universe theory yehliswe kakhulu, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa okuhlukile. Isazi sesayensi yemvelo uRobert Brandenberger kanye noZiwei Wang baseMcGill University eCanada bashicilela iphepha ngo-2020 elibonisa ukuthi kusekuningi okufanele kuhlolwe mayelana nalo mbono ngaphambi kokuthi ukhishwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho i-Universe inkontileka ifinyelela endaweni encane kakhulu futhi ibuyela esimweni esifana ne-Big Bang, kukhona ithuba lokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kanye nokubuyekezwa okubanzi.
Umbono kaStephen Hawking ngalokho okwakungaphambi kweBig Bang
UStephen Hawking wayeyisazi sesayensi yemvelo esaziwayo owayenekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuchazela izethameli eziyinkimbinkimbi imiqondo yesayensi. Wayekwazi ukukwenza esebenzisa ulimi olulula nezifaniso ezaziqondwa yinoma ubani. Izincazelo zikaHawking zazingafinyeleleki nje kuphela kodwa futhi zazinembile futhi zifundisa, okwenza umsebenzi wakhe waziswa kakhulu phakathi komphakathi wesayensi nomphakathi uwonke. Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwakhe ngokomzimba ngenxa yesimo sakhe sezempilo, Ubuhlakani buka-Hawking bagqama emibhalweni nasezinkulumeni zakhe, kwashiya umthelela ongapheli emkhakheni we-physics nangale kwalokho.
UStephen Hawking waba nombono ohlukile we-Ecpyrotic Universe. Phakathi nengxoxo nesazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika uNeil deGrasse Tyson, uHawking wembula umbono wakhe ngombuzo obalulekile: yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kweBig Bang?
U-Hawking ubeka ukuthi ngaphambi kwe-Big Bang kwakukhona ubunye: umzuzwana ngesikhathi lapho imithetho ye-physics yayeka ukusebenza. Usosayensi wachaza ukuthi basebenzisa indlela ye-Euclidean ocwaningweni lwabo lwe-quantum gravity kanye nemvelaphi ye-Universe. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukubuka umlando we-Universe ku isikhathi esicatshangelwayo njengendawo egobile endaweni yesine, okufana nobuso boMhlaba kodwa obunezilinganiso ezimbili ezengeziwe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini eyayikhona ngaphambi kwe-Big Bang.