Sesijwayele ukuthi siyashisa ehlobo bese kubanda ebusika. Ukuzwa amakhaza kungase kungabi mnandi uma singakubekezeleli kahle kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini ebandayo nokuthi kungani sizizwa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthi kuyini umkhuhlane, yiziphi izici nokubaluleka kwawo.
yini ebandayo
Kubanda ukungabikho kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukubanda kuchazwa njengokungabikho kokusabela kwamakhemikhali okukhiqiza amandla (owaziwa nangokuthi ama-exothermic) futhi akhiqize ukushisa. Ukuzwa amakhaza kuyinto subjective futhi isihlobo. Kwamanye amazwe, amakhaza azibonakalisa lapho izinga lokushisa lehla noma lehla ngaphansi kuka-18 degrees Celsius, kanti kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba amazinga okushisa anjalo awabhekwa njengabanda.
Ukubanda akukona nje ukushisa okuphansi, kodwa kuhlobene nombono womuntu ngamunye ngakho-ke kuncike. Kubantu, umbono wamazinga okushisa ngokuyinhloko usekelwe kumthamo wokunciphisa ukushisa into enayo kumuntu ngamunye, okungukuthi, ezintweni ezimbili ezinezinga lokushisa elifanayo, umuntu uyobona into njengeshisa noma ibanda.
Izifunda ezibanda kakhulu zoMhlaba yizigxobo ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane kufinyelela kulezi zifunda. E-Russian Orient Base e-Antarctica, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke elirekhodiwe eMhlabeni lalingu -94,4 °C. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kumaplanethi aqhelelene nelanga kunoMhlaba. ENeptune, isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ku-55 Kelvin, noma cishe -218 °C.
I-Boomerang Nebula iyindawo ebanda kakhulu eyaziwayo endaweni yonke, enezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwa ku-1 Kelvin, elicishe lilingane no--272 degrees Celsius.
Ayini amakhaza emzimbeni
Emzimbeni, ukubanda kusho ukuthi kupholile kunendawo evamile: “Izandla zami ziyagodola”, “Ngiyagodola, ngicela ungiboleke ijazi”. Okubandayo kubuye kube yisichasiso esisetshenziswa ngokomfanekiso. Umuntu ongenandaba yilowo okhombisa ukungabi nandaba, ukuhlukana noma ukungabi nandaba nokuthile noma othile.
Amagama abandayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angabhekisela ezintweni ezingathandeki noma eziqondile: "Impendulo yakho ebandayo ayizange ingenelise", "Incazelo yayibanda kangangokuthi akekho owanyakaziswa". Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa umqondo wokubanda ocansini kusivumela ukuthi siqambe abantu abangenandaba nokuzijabulisa: "U-Victoria uyabanda ngasese", "Umlingani wami wangaphambili uyabanda".
Umqondo wamakhaza uhlotshaniswa nesiqandisi (inqubo yokwehlisa nokugcina izinga lokushisa lento noma indawo), ukubanda (uhlobo lokongiwa kwemvelo olusekelwe ekubandeni kwamanzi), kanye ne-cryogenics (inqubo esetshenziselwa ukupholisa izinto emazingeni okushisa abilayo. ) I-nitrogen izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu).
Isimo sezulu sePolar
Ibonakala ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-0 ° C cishe unomphela, imvula incane kakhulu. Umswakama osemoyeni uphezulu kakhulu futhi imimoya ivame ukuba namandla kakhulu, okwenza izimo zokuphila kulesi simo sezulu zibe nzima nakakhulu.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo senzeka ikakhulukazi ezigxotsheni, futhi isimo sibi kakhulu e-Antarctica, njengoba iyizwekazi, futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu kunaseNyakatho Pole, lifinyelela ku -70, -80 ngisho -89,5°C ngokulandelana.
Izimo zezulu zezifunda eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba ezinkulu eMhlabeni zifana kakhulu nalezo zezifunda ezipholile futhi zingenzeka eziqongweni ze-Himalayas, i-Andes noma izintaba zase-Alaska.
Imvelo yemvelo yendawo ye-boreal noma ye-polar iphakathi kwemibuthano ye-Arctic ne-Antarctic kanye nezigxobo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu ezihambisanayo, phakathi kuka-65° no-90° enyakatho naseningizimu.
Isimo sezulu esibandayo
Lezi yizimo zezulu ezinomswakama ezingaphansi kwe-subantarctic kanye ne-subarctic enobusika obuqinile, amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -3ºC ezinyangeni ezibandayo futhi ngaphezu kuka-10ºC ezinyangeni ezifudumele kakhulu. Le mikhawulo yamazinga okushisa ihambisana kakhulu noma ngaphansi naleyo yamahlathi. i-bipolar. Izindawo ezinalesi simo sezulu zibonakala ngokumbozwa yiqhwa inyanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo:
- I-Humid Continental: Ithatha iningi lezoni epholile. Lokhu kuphambene kakhulu. Ubusika obubanda kakhulu nobomile buphambene nehlobo elishisayo nelinemvula. I-oscillations ye-thermal yonyaka iphezulu kakhulu.
- I-Temperate Continental: Ngokungafani nabangaphambi kwayo, inenkathi yokomisa ebusika.
Amakhaza nemiphumela yawo
Imikhuhlane ithinta impilo yabantu ngezindlela ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi uma ishubile. Ngaphandle kwezifo ezihlobene ngokuqondile nemikhuhlane, njenge-hypothermia noma i-frostbite.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yamakhaza ashubile
- Abantu asebekhulile bavame ukuba sengozini yokungenwa amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha njengoba benesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esicekeleke kakhudlwana. Kuvamile ukuthi bavame ukusho imishwana eminingi njengokuthi "ngiyabanda" noma "kubanda kakhulu lapho". Zivame ukubonakala nezingubo eziningi kunezivamile ngisho nasezikhathini ezishisayo.
- Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zabo zokusabela ezinzwaneni azikathuthuki njengezingane noma abantu abadala, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana azikwazi ukulwa nomkhuhlane.
- Abantu abanesimo esiphansi senhlalakahle yezomnotho ngenxa yokuthi abanazo izingubo ezishisayo ezanele noma bahlala ezindlini ezingenampilo, ezingafakwanga kahle, ngaphandle kokushisisa, njll.
- Abokufika abasesimweni esibucayi: ikakhulukazi abasebenzi betoho abangenazo izindlu ezanele.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingelapheki ezifana nokwehluleka ukuphefumula kanye nesifuba somoya, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela, i-hypothyroidism, imilutha noma izinkinga ze-neuropsychiatric.
- Abantu abaphuza imithi ethile yezimo ezingamahlalakhona.
- Abantu abanokunyakaza okuncishisiwe, ukungondleki, ukukhathala ngokomzimba kanye notshwala.
- Labo abajima bengaphandle ngaphakathi kwendawo bayiqembu elisengozini ekhethekile.
Ubusika abugcini nje ngokuba nonya kubantu, kodwa izilwane nazo kufanele zibhekane namazinga okushisa aphansi kanzima kakhulu. Izilwane ezifuywayo njengezinja namakati, ngokuphambene namazwana athandwayo, bayabanda kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ukuba bafudumale ukuze bangabi nezinkinga.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kuyini amakhaza, izici zawo kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo.