I-Pluto iyiplanethi encane etholakala esimisweni sonozungezilanga, ikakhulukazi ebhandeni leKuiper. Yatholwa ngo-1930 isazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika uClyde Tombaugh, futhi ngaleso sikhathi yayibhekwa njengeplanethi yesishiyagalolunye esimiso sonozungezilanga. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2006 yabelwa kabusha i-International Astronomical Union esikhundleni seplanethi encane. abantu abaningi bayazibuza yimuphi umbala pluto njengoba ivela ezincwadini ezinemibala ethile.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi uyini umbala we-Pluto, yiziphi izici zayo, nokuthi ungawazi kanjani umbala wayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Pluto inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-2.377, okwenza kube iplanethi encane enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga. Iphinde ibe nesisindo esingaba ngu-0.2% wesisindo soMhlaba.
Esinye sezici zePluto ezigqama kakhulu indawo yayo eneqhwa, eyenziwe ikakhulukazi nge-nitrogen eqandisiwe, i-methane, ne-carbon monoxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomoya omncane omncane owakhiwe i-nitrogen, i-methane, ne-carbon monoxide, okukholelwa ukuthi iqhwa futhi iwele phansi njengeqhwa.
I-Pluto inezinyanga ezinhlanu ezaziwayo, elikhulu kunawo wonke nguCharon, ecishe ilingane nengxenye yePluto. Ezinye izinyanga ezine, ezaziwa nge-Nix, Hydra, Cerberus, kanye ne-Styx, zincane kakhulu futhi zatholakala ngo-2005, 2012, nango-2013.
Ngenxa yendawo yayo ebhandeni le-Kuiper, i-Pluto ine-eccentric orbit eyithatha ihambisane nendlela eyi-elliptical ezungeze iLanga.
Noma kunjalo ayisathathwa njengeplanethi "esemthethweni" ohlelweni sonozungezilanga, I-Pluto isalokhu iyinto ethokozisayo neyindida osekungamashumi eminyaka yathakazelisa ososayensi nezazi zezinkanyezi. Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nemishini yasemkhathini, sithemba ukufunda kabanzi ngalo mhlaba ongaqondakali eminyakeni ezayo.
Uyini umbala wePluto
Umbala we-Pluto ungenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ebusweni bayo. Kusukela ekutholakaleni kwayo ngo-1930 kuya ekufikeni kophenyo lwe-NASA lwe-New Horizons ngo-2015, I-Pluto kwakukholelwa ukuthi iyiplanethi empunga efiphele, emnyama. Kodwa-ke, izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezithathwe i-New Horizons zembula indawo enemibala emangalisayo.
Ubuso be-Pluto bubonisa imibala ehlukahlukene, okuyinto hlanganisa imibala ebomvu, ensundu, ephuzi, nempunga. Isifunda esaziwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo" ye-Pluto siyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yombala waso obomvu. Lo mbala kukholakala ukuthi ubangelwa ukuba khona kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tholins, akha kusukela ekukhanyeni kwe-Pluto ebusweni ngemisebe ye-cosmic kanye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okuvela eLangeni.
Ngaphezu kokubomvu, ubuso bukaPluto bubuye bube namabala aphuzi agqamile, okuthi kukholakala ukuthi yakhiwe nge-methane eqandisiwe. Kukhona nezindawo ezimnyama ezingaphezulu ezinsundu ngokumnyama noma ezimpunga ngombala, ezingase zenziwe ngama-hydrocarbon ayinkimbinkimbi noma izinto ezinamatshe.
Sekukonke, ubuso be-Pluto buhluke ngokuphawulekayo, bubonisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo ze-geological, ezihlanganisa ama-craters, izintaba, amathafa, nemihosha. Umbala wobuso bukaPluto ungesinye sezici eziningi ezithakazelisayo zaleli zwe eliyindida, futhi kusekuningi okusazofundwa ngakho eminyakeni ezayo.
Kungani ingaseyona iplanethi?
Isizathu esenza ukuthi i-Pluto ingasabhekwa njengeplanethi esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga kungenxa yesinqumo esathathwa yi-International Astronomical Union (IAU) ngo-2006. lesi sigaba.
Ngokwencazelo entsha, iplanethi kufanele ihlangabezane nemibandela emithathu: okokuqala, kumele azungeze ilanga; endaweni yesibili, kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuba ibe yindilinga ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi; okwesithathu, kumelwe ukuba yasusa umzila wayo kwezinye izinto. Yilesi simiso sokugcina esasetshenziswa ukukhipha i-Pluto esigabeni seplanethi.
I-Pluto itholakala endaweni yesimiso sonozungezilanga eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Kuiper belt, egcwele inani elikhulu lezinto ezinjenge-asteroid- kanye nenkanyezi enomsila. Lezi zinto ziphazamisa umjikelezo we-Pluto, okusho ukuthi ayizange isuse i-orbit yayo kwezinye izinto ngokuvumelana nencazelo entsha ye-IAU.
Ngenxa yalokho, u-Pluto wabelwa kabusha esimweni seplanethi encane, okuyinto kuchazwa njengento ehlangabezana nemibandela emibili yokuqala yencazelo yamaplanethi, kodwa hhayi eyesithathu. Ngaphezu kwe-Pluto, ezinye izinto ezifana ne-Ceres, i-Eris, ne-Makemake nazo zibhekwa njengamaplanethi amancane ngale ncazelo.
Nakuba abanye bengase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukukhishwa kuka-Pluto esimweni seplanethi akulungile noma akunasizathu, incazelo entsha ye-IAU yakhelwe ukusiza ukusungula ukuhlukaniswa okunembe kakhudlwana nokwesayensi kwemizimba kusistimu yethu sonozungezilanga.
Wazi kanjani umbala we-Pluto?
Ukunqunywa kombala we-Pluto kwenziwa ngokuhlaziya ukukhanya okuvela endaweni yayo. Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa ama-spectrometer ukuze zihlukanise ukukhanya okuvela endaweni ye-Pluto kube izingxenye zayo zombala, ezivumela ukuthi zinqume ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezici ezibonakalayo zendawo.
Iminyaka eminingi, izazi zezinkanyezi zazikwazi ukubuka i-Pluto kuphela ngezibonakude ezisekelwe phansi, okwenza kube nzima ukunquma ngokunembile umbala wayo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2015, umkhumbi-mkhathi we-NASA we-New Horizons wafika e-Pluto futhi wanikeza izithombe zokuqala ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu, ezinemininingwane yendawo yeplanethi encane.
Amakhamera nama-spectrometers agibela i-New Horizons kwavumela ososayensi ukuba bahlaziye ukukhanya okuvela ebusweni bukaPluto futhi inqume ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezici zayo ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Imiphumela yembule indawo enemibala emangalisayo futhi ehlukahlukene, enemithunzi ebomvu, ensundu, ephuzi kanye nempunga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-New Horizons probe iphinde yenza izilinganiso zezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-Pluto, ukuba khona kweqhwa lamanzi ne-methane, nolunye ulwazi olusize ososayensi baqonde kangcono ukwakheka kweplanethi encane kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uyini umbala we-Pluto nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.