I-Weddell Sea iyingxenye ye-Arctic Ocean. ubuso bayo cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-2,8. Imingcele yayo imakwe yiNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic ngasentshonalanga, isifunda saseCotsland empumalanga, kanye neFerchner-Rohn Ice Shelf eningizimu. Ngale kweKapa Norway ngasempumalanga, amanzi ayo ahlangana nalawo olwandle i-King Haakon VII.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici eziyinhloko zoLwandle lwe-Weddell, imvelaphi yalo, izitshalo nezilwane.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ingolunye lwezilwandle ezinkulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yeplanethi, ukugeza ingxenye yogu lwe-Antarctica. Itholakala cishe ku-73 degrees latitude eningizimu kanye no-45 degrees longitude entshonalanga, futhi izungezwe yiNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic ngasentshonalanga, i-Coast Land empumalanga, kanye ne-Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf eningizimu. Inendawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-2,8 futhi ikala amakhilomitha angaba ngu-2.000 endaweni yayo ebanzi kakhulu. Yaqanjwa ngegama letilosi uJames Weddell, owayengomunye wabokuqala ukungena emkhunjini we-brigantine.
Abahloli bamazwe bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye balubheka njengolwandle olukhohlisayo, olucekelwa imimoya enamandla futhi kwezinye izindawo luhlaselwe inqwaba yama-ice floes. Ukusakazwa kwe-Weddell ukuzungeza kolwandle okuhamba ngendlela yewashi kudalwe ukusebenzisana kwe-Antarctic Circumpolar Current kanye neshalofu lezwekazi lase-Antarctic.
Amaqiniso kanye nemvelaphi mayelana ne-Weddell Sea
Amanzi amaningi aphansi olwandle abandayo emhlabeni avela oLwandle iWeddell, amanzi alo aminyene kakhulu eMhlabeni futhi anomthelela ekujikelezeni kwe-thermohaline. Lapho, ubuso bayo buphola bufinyelele ku--1,9 ºC, bese la manzi ecwila, ngaleyo ndlela enze umsinga ogeleza emhlabeni wonke; iqala ipholile, ifudumale kancane eduze kwaseKamchatka, isuke lapho iye oLwandlekazini iPacific Okunye kwayo kuhamba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kweziqhingi zasentshonalanga yePacific ngakolunye, kunqamule eningizimu ye-Afrika, eCaribbean, kudlulele eNhlonhlweni. I-Iberian, kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa aphansi e-Arctic ebuya futhi aqala ukuzungeza eningizimu nenkabazwe.
Ama-ice floes avame kakhulu ebusika kunehlobo, kodwa izimo zezulu namanzi ngokuvamile zinzima.
Phakathi nenkathi yeCarboniferous, iGondwana esempumalanga, ehlanganisa lokho manje osekuyi-Australia, i-Antarctica, neNdiya, yaqala ukuya ngaseningizimu nenkabazwe. Ngesikhathi seJurassic, izinqubo ze-tectonic eningizimu yeNingizimu Melika zakha izigodi zaseRocas Verdes naseMar de Weddell. Empeleni, ukuhlukaniswa kweGondwana kwenzeka endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iWeddell Sea.
Ekuqaleni kwe-Cenozoic, i-Australia yahlukana ne-Antarctica futhi yathuthela enyakatho, kanti yona yaqala ukuqhubekela phambili eningizimu, ihlukana kakhulu nezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-23 edlule, iDrake Passage yavulwa phakathi kweNingizimu Melika ne-Antarctica futhi yayizungezwe amanzi ngokuphelele. Ngaleso sikhathi, lase limbozwe yiqhwa.
Isimo sezulu
Ngaphezu kwe-latitude, ukushuba komoya obandayo onamandla ovunguza usuka eningizimu uye enyakatho uhambisana nezintaba eziwumngcingo nenhlese yeNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic kungenye yezici zesimo sezulu sesifunda esisentshonalanga ye-Weddell Sea.
Le mimoya ayithinti nje kuphela izinga lokushisa, kodwa futhi iphoqelela iqhwa ukuba likhukhule enyakatho-mpumalanga liye eNingizimu ye-Atlantic. Imimoya, amazinga okushisa nezimo zeqhwa kugqame kakhulu ohlangothini olusempumalanga yeNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic kunasentshonalanga.
Amaqembu amakhulu emikhomo nezimvu zamanzi ahlala oLwandle iWeddell. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala kulawa manzi kukhona izinhlobo ezifana ne-Weddell seal, imikhomo engama-humpback, imikhomo, i-leopard seal, i-crabeater seal kanye nemikhomo ehlukahlukene ebulalayo.
I-Adélie penguin iwuhlobo lwepenguin oluhamba phambili kule ndawo eqhelile ngenxa yekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezinokhahlo. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke (amapheya angaba ngu-10.000) litholakala e-Paulette Island.
I-Weddell Sea Biodiversity
Naphezu kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima zezidalwa ezivamile, i-Weddell Sea iyindawo yokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwezilwane zasolwandle ezijwayela ukubanda. I-Antarctic krill (i-Euphasia superba) iyisisekelo sezilwane futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yochungechunge lokudla esifundeni, njengoba yondliwa izinhlobo ezakha okunye ukudla. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala olwandle kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-Antarctic herring (Notothenioidei), Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) kanye ne-Antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni). Ezinye izinhlanzi olwandle izinhlanzi ezikhazimulayo zasolwandle zomkhaya i-Gonostomatidae, i-barracuda, ne-lantern.
Imikhomo eyi-humpback (i-Megaptera novaeangliae), imikhomo eseningizimu (i-Eubalaena australis), imikhomo (i-Balaenoptera acutorostrata), i-leopard seal (i-Hydrurga leptonyx), kanye ne-crabeater seal (i-Lobodon carcinophagus) ivame kakhulu emanzini, kodwa ingase ibe yisithonjana kakhulu. I-Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) iyisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle esikwazi ukutshuza ngokumangalisayo sifinyelele ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-700. Ngaphandle kwalokho I-Antarctic cod kanye nenye i-cod, nayo idla ama-squid.
I-Icebergs kanye nogu lolwandle kuyikhaya le-King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) kanye ne-Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), kuyilapho ama-petrel evakashela izindawo ezinamatshe.
Izinsongo
Ngenxa yendawo ekude, i-Weddell Sea ayithinteki ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni kanye nogu oluthinta ingxenye enkulu yezilwandle zomhlaba, kodwa futhi ayivikelekile ezinsongweni zemvelo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivela emisebenzini yabantu. eyingozi kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokugcwala kwe-asidi olwandle okulandelayo, okushintsha amakhemikhali emanzini, okwenza amagobolondo e-calcareous noma amathambo ezilwane athambe noma ayeke ukukhula.
Ukudoba ngaphansi kuwumsebenzi wakamuva, kodwa kusatshwa ukuthi kuzokwanda esikhathini esizayo, ngakho izinsiza zizokhuliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kucekele phansi izindawo zezilwane eziningi futhi kwenze ulwandle lube indawo eyinkinga.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Weddell Sea nezici zayo.