I-Urbain Le Verrier wayengomunye wososayensi abangama-72 esitezi sokuqala se-Eiffel Tower. Kwakungowesine ohlangothini olusentshonalanga. Wayeyisazi sezibalo saseFrance esigxile kumakhenika asezulwini. Impumelelo yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukutholakala kwakhe ngokubambisana kwe-Neptune esebenzisa izibalo kuphela kanye nedatha evela ekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini kwezinkanyezi. Izimanga ayenazo emhlabeni wezibalo nokuhlola izinkanyezi zaziminingi.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele yonke i-biography nemisebenzi ye-Urbain Le Verrier.
I-Biography ye-Urbain Le Verrier
U-Urbain-Jean-Joseph Le Verrier, isazi sezinkanyezi, owazalwa ngo-March 11, 1811 eSaint-Lô (Ibala). Wafela eParis ngo-September 23, 1877, isikhumbuzo sesenzakalo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni kwakhe. Eqinisweni, kwakunguSepthemba 23, 1846 lapho aqala khona ukubona ubukhona nesikhundla seNeptune esibhakabhakeni eBerlin Observatory. Ungene ePolytechnic ngo-1831, wathweswa iziqu zobuNjineli eNational Tobacco Factory.
Olunye ucwaningo lwakhe lwaselabhorethri lwanyatheliswa kuyi-Annals of Physics and Chemistry. Ngo-1837 waqokwa njengomfundisi wezifundo ze-Geodesy and Machines e-Ecole Polytechnique, elandela u-Savary, owashona ngo-1839, ngemva kweminyaka emibili enguprofesa. I-Le Verrier ayikaziwa. Nokho, ucwaningo on ukuzinza kwesimiso sonozungezilanga kanye nokunqunywa kwemingcele lapho imijikelezo emikhulu yamaplanethi kumele inyakaze ngokuhlobene nokuthambekela komunye nomunye yadonsa ukunaka kuka-Arago, futhi u-Arago wamnxusa ukuba aqhubeke nocwaningo lwakhe olusha futhi wanquma ukuphishekela ukubhekwa kwezinkanyezi.
Ukutholwa kwe-Urbain Le Verrier
I-Verrier isebenzise lokhu kusekelwa ukuze icwengisise ithiyori ye-Mercury, inake ngokukhethekile izinkanyezi ezinomsila ngezikhathi ezithile. Le misebenzi yavula iminyango ye-Academy ngoJanuwari 19, 1846, lapho aphumelela khona u-Count Cassini, owokugcina wozalo olukhazimulayo nolude lukaCassini, okwathi ngo-207 (kusuka ku-1625 kuya ku-1832) ichaza isayensi yezinkanyezi, igeography kanye nesayensi yezitshalo.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho u-Urbain Le Verrier, enamandla amakhulu e-computing, aqala khona umbono ka-Uranus, umsebenzi omkhulu owaholela ekutholakaleni kweNeptune. Lona omunye wemizamo emihle kakhulu yomqondo womuntu. Lokhu okutholakele kusanda kuguqula igama lakhe. Iminyaka eminingi, i-Uranus ishiye izazi zezinkanyezi ziphelelwa yithemba, zingakwazi ukunquma indawo yayo, nakuba ososayensi abanekhono abafana noLaplace noDelambre beyinakile.
Ekuphambeni kokunyakaza kwenkanyezi ekhohlakele kanye nokungaqiniseki, umehluko mkhulu kakhulu. I-Verrier ibambelela kulesi sixazululo. Wenza ama-equations ahlobanisa uquqaba nezici zemizungezo yeplanethi engaziwa ekuphazamisekeni kwesici kwe-Uranus. Ukwazile ukulungisa izixhumanisi zenkanyezi ebalekayo ukuze zisondelene kakhulu, yazilungisa ngesikhathi esithile futhi yabe isicacisa kancane kancane indawo lapho sasingabona khona iplanethi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Lesi sibikezelo saba nengqondo, ngosuku olufanayo ngo-September 23, 1846, uMnumzane Galle eBerlin, lapho ethola umlayezo, wakhomba isibonakude sakhe endaweni esibhakabhakeni ekhonjiswe yiLe Verrier. Lapho wabona iplanethi eyamenyezelwa futhi wayiqamba ngokuthi iNeptune, abambelela kuyo naphezu kwemibhikisho ka-Arago yamazwi nebhaliwe, futhi wayefuna ukuyibhapathiza ngegama lombhali wayo. Ukutholwa kwabangela isiphithiphithi, ngokuhlonishwa nokuhalalisela yonke indawo, kwawa njengoquqaba lwezinkanyezi ezidubulayo kwisazi sezinkanyezi esisha, uhulumeni ka-Luis Felipe owamenzela sona uprofesa wesayensi yezinkanyezi e-Faculty of Sciences eParis.
Izikhumbuzo nemisebenzi ye-Urbain Le Verrier
Imibhalo kaLe Verrier yeNeptune yanyatheliswa kuyi- Knowledge of the Times ngo-1849. Lapho siyifunda, sahlatshwa umxhwele ukuthi kwakudingeka ukubona kude kangakanani ukuze sifinyelele umphumela onjalo sisebenzisa izinombolo zodwa. Lokhu kusinika umbono wamandla ekhompiyutha kanye nokuhlala kwawo unomphela. Ngemva kokufa kuka-Arago ngo-1853, U-Verrier waqokwa njengomqondisi weParis Observatory. Wakha insizakalo ye-alamu yasechwebeni, isibusiso samatilosi, ukuthunyelwa kwezolimo manje okuhlanganisa lonke elaseFrance futhi kuseyisizinda socwaningo esithembeke kakhulu, esigcwele imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo nengalindelekile enezinguquko ezinkulu emvelweni.
Iphinde yasungula isevisi yesimo sezulu ukuze ixwayise izindiza uma zisuka phansi zibheke lapho umoya uya khona. Saba nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukwenza ukukhuphuka kokuqala ebhaluni elikhulu eBrussels ngoSepthemba 24, 1864, phambi kweNkosi uLeopold I esangweni laseSchaerbeek, phambi kwengadi ye-botanical enhle kakhulu. Ngo-1804 wasungula i-French Scientific Association, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yahlanganiswa ne-Association for the Advancement of Science. Ilungu leCongress, uSenator, kanye nesazi sezinkanyezi esidumile, kubonakala sengathi ukujabulele ukuhlobanisa igama lakhe nobuhlakani bokuthola ulwazi. NgoJuni 25, 1889, kwamiswa isifanekiso eLe Verrier egcekeni leParis Observatory, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwaqanjwa umgwaqo oseduze nesikhungo.
Okunye okutholakele
Okutholwe yiLe Verrier kuvame ukuqinisekiswa yizinto ezintsha ezitholakele. Ngakho, emhlanganweni we-Academy of Sciences ngo-November 18, 1889, sezwa ukuxhumana okuvela ku-M. Faye mayelana noComet Winnek. Ukunyakaza kwale nkanyezi kusetshenziselwa ukunquma uquqaba lweJupiter neVenus. Inani le-elementi yokugcina yilokho kanye uLe Verrier akuthola ekubaleni kwakhe okude. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kuyiqiniso elimangalisayo elithuthukisa nakakhulu inkazimulo yezazi zezinkanyezi ezihlakaniphile ezisebenza ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu.
I-eulogy ka-Le Verrier ishicilelwe ngu-MM. JB Dumas, Janssens, Tresca, Faye, Joseph Bertrand, kanye noYvon Villarceau. Isithombe esingenhla sadalwa ngemva komdwebo ka-Daverdoing wango-1846, ngesikhathi esatholwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-35 senza igama le-Le Verrier lingafi. U-Pradier wenza ukuqhuma okuhle kakhulu kwe-Le Verrier ngo-1850.
Njengoba ubona, lo sosayensi wayebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi futhi indaba yakhe isaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Urbain Le Verrier nemisebenzi yakhe.