Siyazi ukuthi imvelo ayiyeki ukusimangaza. Njengoba nje ekwenza ngezilwane ezingavamile kakhulu, wenza nangezitshalo. Kulokhu, sikhuluma isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lesi sihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni singesohlobo UPinus longaeva okugqama ngokuba nempilo ende.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici kanye ne-curiosities yesihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni
I-Great Basin iyikhaya lezihlahla zikaphayini ze-bristlecone, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-Pinus longaeva, eziphila isikhathi eside. Lezi zihlahla zineziqu eziphaphathekile ezisontekile njengentambo ewugqinsi ngenxa yokuchayeka emoyeni nasemvuleni amakhulu eminyaka. Esinye isici esinomthelela ekuchumeni kwabo kule ndawo ukuntuleka kwesivikelo. Ezindaweni eziphakeme eduze kwamamitha angu-11,000 e-Nevada, kukhona ukungabikho okucacile kotshani, ukhula, izinambuzane nezinye izinhlobo zokuncintisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abekho abantu abakhona abangabasa umlilo wehlathi bengahlosile. Ukungabikho kwezihlahla eziseduze kuvimbela nokusakazeka kwezifo namagciwane.
Lezi zilwane zangaphambi komlando azinazo izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo, okuzivumela ukuba ziphile iminyaka eminingi. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuqoqa nokugcina amanzi ezinalitini zabo, ezingahlala iminyaka futhi kancane kancane zikhule ngokunqwabelana ngakunye. Izinkuni zikhula kancane kangangokuthi azikwazi ukungena ezinambuzaneni noma ezifweni ezinjengamabhungane noma izifo.
Izihlahla zikaphayini ezihlala isikhathi eside ziye zakwazi ukuqhubeka ngale ndlela amakhulu eminyaka, ngisho nangaphambi kokudalwa kwamaphiramidi aseGiza. Isibonelo salokhu ngu I-Methusela, isihlahla sikaphayini esiphila isikhathi eside esitholakala ezintabeni ezimhlophe zaseCalifornia. KANYELesi sihlahla sikaphayini siqoshwe njengesihlahla esidala kunazo zonke esiphilayo sikaphayini, futhi idatha yendandatho yesihlahla ibonisa ukuthi sesiphile iminyaka engu-4.853.
UMethusela njengesihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi benenkolelo yokuthi umuthi othile unesihloko sezinto eziphilayo ezindala kunazo zonke Emhlabeni. Nokho, Lesi simangalo sisanda kubuzwa.. Umcwaningi ovela eChile usebenzise izindlela ezingajwayelekile ukuze athole iminyaka yomsayipuresi wasePatagonian, uhlobo lwesihlahla oluhlukile kuleso sihlahla esishiwo ngenhla. Uma imiphumela yocwaningo lwabo inembile, kungasho ukuthi le sihlahla somquba saseNingizimu Melika sesidlule isihlahla esidala, okusenza sibe umnikazi omusha wesihloko sesihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Nakuba isimangalo siye sakha isithakazelo sabacwaningi abathathu, basalokhu bengabaza, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi izihlahla zomsayiphuresi, ezimila emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, Banobude bempilo obuhluke ngokumangalisayo kune-bristlecone pines. Nakuba zombili lezi zinhlobo zinesikhathi eside esimangalisayo, zombili zibhekene nombuzo wokuthi ziyosinda yini iminyaka eminingi.
Isitha sesihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside
Idabuka eChile nase-Argentina, i-patagonian cypress, noma i-Austrocedrus chilensis, iye yaqashelwa njengesihlahla sesibili esiphila isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Owayekade ephethe lesi sicoco, ibhubesi elineminyaka engenakuqhathaniswa, watholakala ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ngokubala izindandatho zokukhula kogodo olugawuliwe; yaphila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3.600 (uhlobo lwesithathu oluphila isikhathi eside, i-sequoia enkulu, nayo yabonakala ngale ndlela futhi yaphila iminyaka engu-3.266).
Izifundo zesikhathi eside zesihlahla
I-athikili kaGabriel Popkin kwezeSayensi yembula ukuthi isazi sezemvelo uJonathan Barichivich kanye nesifundiswa esathola kuqala ibhubesi lasendulo babehlola esinye isihlahla epaki likazwelonke laseChile. Ukuze bakhiphe isampula ye-cypress core, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-drill yesinyathelo esimise okuka-T. Nakuba idivayisi yokumba ingakwazi ukufinyelela phakathi nendawo yesihlahla, esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ububanzi, laba ababili basebenzisa imodeli yekhompyutha kanye isampula kanye nolwazi oluvela emasongweni ezinye izihlahla ze-larch ukulinganisa lokho isihlahla sasineminyaka engaba ngu-5.400 ubudala, kanye namathuba angu-80% ukuthi sasidala kuneminyaka engu-5.000.
Nakuba imiphumela yocwaningo luka-Barichivich ingazange ibuyekezwe ontanga, uye wethula ezingqungqutheleni ezimbalwa. U-Nate Stephenson, usosayensi oseke wathatha umhlalaphansi we-United States Geological Survey oseneminyaka engamashumi amane efunda ama-sequoia amakhulu, ubiza imiphumela ihlaba umxhwele. Kodwa-ke, uzolinda ukuze akhiphe isinqumo kuze kube yilapho u-Barichivich eshicilela iphepha elichaza indlela yakhe yokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, uStephenson uzwakalisa ukujabula ngemithelela engaba khona yocwaningo lapho ekhuluma noPopkin.
Abanye abantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Bayangabaza ukwamukela okutholwe yi-Barichivich. U-Peter Brown, umdali we-Rocky Mountain Tree Ring Research, inhlangano eqoqa idatha ngezihlahla ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, ungomunye wazo. UBrown ucabanga ukuthi indlela ka-Barichivich ayijwayelekile kakhulu ukwenza isitatimende esizethembayo ngaphambi kokusishicilela. "Ukuze ufike eminyakeni yobudala, kufanele wenze izinto eziningi eziqagelayo," kusho uBrown.
Incazelo yesihlahla akuyona into Brown imibuzo. Nokho, isilinganiso sobudala balesi sihlahla sisekelwe engxenyeni ethile yomgogodla waso, okubonisa ukuthi okungenani sineminyaka engu-2.400 ubudala, okusibeka phakathi kwezihlahla ezingu-10 ezindala kakhulu ohlwini lukaBrown. Naphezu kwalokhu, uBrown usalokhu engabaza ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezimbalwa. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kubo ukuthi Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala sidlula esisomsayiphuresi omdala kunawo wonke owaziwayo ngeminyaka engaphezu kuka-1.500, njengoba uBrown echaza.
NgokukaBrown, kunomehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwezindawo ezivame ukusekela izihlahla ezindala kanye nemvelo yasePatagonian cypress. Izihlahla ezisezindaweni eziwugwadule nezingenamuntu, njengezindawo ezineqhwa, ezilukhuni zikaphayini wasendulo, zinamandla okuthuthuka kancane kancane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, Amahlathi emvula agcwele ubulembu namandla agcwele ingozi.
Umphakathi wesayensi usahlukene phakathi ngokuthi kungani izihlahla ezithile zikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside kangaka. NgokukaBrown, “Ngicabanga ukuthi izihlahla azifi ngokuguga, ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo. Kunalokho, into yangaphandle kumelwe ingenele futhi ibangele ukunyamalala kwayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nezici zaso.