Ukunquma inani eliqondile lemithala eMhlabeni kuwumsebenzi omkhulu osangenakufinyelelwa okwamanje. Nokho, iCanadian Space Agency (CSA) iveze ukuthi ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi kunemithala engaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ngenani elikhulu kangaka, akumangazi ukuthi kukhona okungabizwa ngokuthi a umthala okabili we-Milky Way eduze komthala wethu, lapho iplanethi yethu ikhona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokutholakala komthala okabili we-Milky Way kanye nezici zawo.
Ukutholwa komthala wamawele we-Milky Way
Ngamaholide akhe ehlobo eCantabria ngonyaka odlule, Isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi esidumile uLuca Costantin wajabulela usuku lokungcebeleka ngo-Agasti 1. Ngemva kokuhlola izintaba eziluhlaza okotshani namabhishi anesihlabathi e-San Vicente de la Barquera, wavula ikhompuyutha yakhe ephathekayo wabheka i-imeyili yakhe, umkhuba avuma ukuthi wayenawo ngisho eseholidini. Phakathi kwemilayezo emisha kwakukhona iqoqo lezithombe ezihlaba umxhwele ezithathwe yi-James Webb Space Telescope yoguquko, eyethulwe ngoKhisimusi ka-2021.
Njengoba ehlola izithombe futhi ehlukanisa imithala ehlukahlukene, owodwa wadonsa ukunaka kwakhe. Wathola i-Ceers-2112, umthala ongabhekwa "njengewele" le-Milky Way ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendawo yonke. Lokhu okutholakele kuchazwe kabanzi kumagazini waleli sonto ohlonishwayo wesayensi i-Nature. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indawo yonke ilinganiselwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.800.
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa uCostantin nozakwabo, imithala efana ne-Milky Way yayikhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11.700 edlule, lapho umkhathi wawungu-15% kuphela wenkathi yawo yamanje. Isibonakude se-James Webb esizwela kakhulu sithwebule ukukhanya okuncane okuphuma ngesikhathi sobuntwana bomkhathi. “Kunjengokungathi besibona umthala wethu esikhathini esidlule,” kusho uCostantin, umcwaningi wase-Italy oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala.
Isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi uPablo G. Pérez González siqhathanisa ukutholakala komuntu oneminyaka engu-100 ongakaze azibone esibukweni ethola isithombe esizithwebule esithunyelwe iwele elingaziwa lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Lona umthala okude kakhulu ofana ne-Milky Way owake watholakala, owaziwa ngokuthi i-ceers-2112. Lo mthala utholakala endaweni yesibhakabhaka phakathi kwamaqoqo ezinkanyezi i-Ursa Major kanye neBoyero, okuwumugqa onamachashazi ofana nomfanekiso womuntu futhi onenkanyezi u-Arthur, enye yezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
I-Galaxy Ceers-2112
Ngokuka-Pérez González, omunye wababhali abayinhloko balolu cwaningo, inqwaba yezinkanyezi ezihlanganisiwe ku-ceers-2112 ilingana nezixuku zelanga eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.900, usayizi ovumelana nokulingiswa kobukhulu be-Milky Way ngaleso sikhathi. "Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izixuku zelanga ezingaphansi ngokuphindwe kashumi emthaleni wethu," kuchaza umcwaningi, ocwaninga noCostantin e-Astrobiology Center (INTA-CSIC) eTorrejón de Ardoz, eMadrid. Njengeminye imithala eyisiyingi emkhathini wendawo, i-Milky Way inesakhiwo esimise okwebha endaweni emaphakathi, esinde. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule, iHubble Space Telescope, eyethulwa ngo-1990 futhi yayingeyokuqala uma iqhathaniswa ne-James Webb Space Telescope yamanje, yavumela imithala ecishe ibe ngu-2.000 XNUMX efanayo ukuba ihlolwe.
Isiphetho esafinyelelwa izazi zezinkanyezi zeNASA siwukuthi imigoqo emaphakathi yemithala ezungezayo iwumphumela wokuvela kwemithala. Amabha akheka lapho ukuzungeza kwezinkanyezi kungazinzi futhi kuchezuka ezindleleni zazo eziyindilinga zangaphambilini. Amagesi amaningi anqwabelana kulezi zakhiwo ezinde, okubangela izinkanyezi ezintsha nemithala eshintshashintshayo.
I-ceers-2112 encane iyisibonelo somthala okumangazayo ukuthi unebha phakathi nendawo yawo, naphezu kokuba yayineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.100 kuphela lapho ikhipha ukukhanya okwafika kusibonakude. Ukubaluleka kwalezi zakhiwo, ngokusho kukaPablo G. Pérez González, kulele eqinisweni lokuthi zinendima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kokuphila. Ukuze iLanga lakheke ngezinsimbi zalo ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa insimbi, i-nickel, ikhabhoni, i-silicon kanye nazo zonke ezinye izithako zokuphila, izinkanyezi zangaphambili kumelwe ukuba zazinemijikelezo eyi-elliptical, izinto zokuthutha okuvela kuzo izinkanyezi ezengeziwe emthaleni zibheke ezindaweni ezingaphandle.
Umthala wamawele wasendulo we-Milky Way
Kwamenyezelwa eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ukuba khona kwe-SPT0418-47, umthala “wowele” we-Milky Way, kwase kuvele yasungulwa njengenhlangano enkulu futhi ezinzile lapho indawo yonke ineminyaka nje eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.400. Nokho, yayingenayo indawo yokucima ukoma. NgokukaPérez González, «I-Milky Way ingaba namawele angenakubalwa, futhi sibona ngalinye lawo ngezikhathi ezihlukene endaweni yonke. "Lawa mawele angasinikeza umugqa wesikhathi wokuvela kwe-Milky Way."
Umthala i-ceers-2112 uqanjwe ngephrojekthi yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science, lapho izazi zezinkanyezi ezivela ku-Center for Astrobiology iqhaza. Nakuba engazange ahlanganyele ocwaningweni, isazi sezinkanyezi saseMexico u-Yetli Rosas Guevara uluncome ucwaningo. Uthi: “Lena incwadi yokuqala echaza imithala ezungezayo enomugqa omaphakathi lapho kusewubuntwana bomkhathi. Uma sibheka iminyaka yobudala, singalindela ukuthi izinto zibe nezinxushunxushu«. U-Guevara wenza ukulingisa kwe-cosmological e-Donostia International Physics Center e-San Sebastián. NgokukaRosas Guevara, umthelela we-James Webb Space Telescope emkhakheni wesayensi yezinkanyezi awunakubukelwa phansi.
Ngenxa yaleli thuluzi elinamandla, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zakwazi ukubona imithala yokuqala eyavela endaweni yonke. UGuevara uveza ukuthi ngokubona okwengeziwe, kungase kutholakale ukuthi i-ceers-2112 yayiyisenzakalo esisodwa ngesikhathi somkhathi wokuqala noma ukuthi imithala eminingi efana ne-Milky Way yayivele ikhona yini.
Njengoba ubona, ngokutholwa ngakunye sibeka izingcezu zephazili yendawo yonke ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi yakheke kanjani kanye nokwakheka kwayo konke. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezici zomthala omkhulu i-Milky Way kanye nokutholakele kwawo.