Ngokuqinisekile wake wezwa ukuthi esinye sezindawo ezingase ziphele emhlabeni singabangelwa umoya welanga. Yena umoya welanga, njengoba negama lawo siqu libonisa, kwenzeka elangeni lethu. Inezici ezibalulekile kanye nokuhambisana noMhlaba abantu abaningi abangazi ngakho.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi uyini umoya welanga, izici zawo nokuthi uthinta kanjani iplanethi yethu.
Yini
Umoya welanga ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe, ikakhulukazi ama-electron nama-proton, akhishwa yiLanga kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lezi zinhlayiya zihamba ngesivinini esikhulu emkhathini, ziphethe ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamandla nezizibuthe ezikhiqizwa yiLanga.
Isuka ku-corona yelanga, ungqimba olungaphandle lomkhathi weLanga, lapho amazinga okushisa ephezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalawa mazinga okushisa aphezulu, izinhlayiya zithola amandla anele okubalekela amandla adonsela phansi elanga futhi zingene emkhathini. Njengoba lezi zinhlayiya zisakazeka esimisweni sonozungezilanga, zingakwazi ukuxhumana namandla kazibuthe nomkhathi wamaplanethi nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini.
Ayifani futhi ingahluka ngesivinini kanye nokuminyana. Uma umsebenzi welanga uphezulu, njengalapho ubukhulu belanga buba khona, umoya welanga ungaqina kakhulu, okungase kube nomthelela ezenzakalweni zasemkhathini njengama-aurora ezigxotsheni Zomhlaba kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi.
Esinye sezizathu zokubaluleka komoya welanga ukuthi idlala indima ebalulekile ekudalweni nasekugcinweni kwe-heliosphere, isifunda somkhathi esiphethwe yiLanga kanye nemiphumela yalo. Lokhu kukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqondeni i-physics ye-interplanetary space kanye nendlela ehlangana ngayo nezinto ezikuyo.
Iwuthinta kanjani umhlaba
Ukucima kukagesi eQuebec ngo-1989 kwaphawula inguquko ocwaningweni lwemiphumela yomoya welanga eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, sinamarekhodi angenakubalwa emithelela ukukhishwa kwezixuku zelanga emhlabeni wethu, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe.
Ngezansi sichaza izinhlelo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezithintwa umoya welanga:
- Amasu Okuhumusha Kwezwe
- inethiwekhi ye-voltage ephezulu
- Amapayipi kawoyela negesi
- ukuxhumana kwebanga elide
- uhlelo lokubonisa izimpawu zesitimela
Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zichazwa iziphazamiso ezizibangela endaweni kazibuthe, ezinye izinguquko ezizibangelayo. kholelwa ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezakhiwa ngazo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwabo bonke lobu buchwepheshe obungenhla, kunobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphinde buthintwe ukuguqulwa kwe-amplitude nesigaba samaza kagesi, njengezinhlelo zokuhamba nezokuxhumana, ezingadala amaphutha e-GPS.
Kodwa izinhlayiya zelanga azithinti kuphela indawo engaphezulu, umkhathi woMhlaba kanye ne-magnetosphere zisivikela emisebeni yazo, noma kunjalo, lapho osomkhathi bephuma kulolu ungqimba oluvikelayo, bavezwa amandla abo amakhulu, angabangela ukuguqulwa kofuzo kanye ne-DNA.
I-Magnetosphere nomoya welanga
I-magnetosphere ingenye yezingqimba eziningi ezizungeze uMhlaba. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngongqimba olungaphandle nolukhulu kakhulu olwakha umkhathi womhlaba, iqala amakhilomitha angama-500 ngaphezu komhlaba futhi idlulele emkhathini ibe ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-60.000. Eqinisweni, akuyona into engaphezu kwensimu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi eMhlabeni. Iplanethi yethu inomgogodla wensimbi oshisa kakhulu osebenza njenge-dynamo njengoba uMhlaba uzungeza, uwuguqule ube uzibuthe omkhulu onensimu kazibuthe nezigxobo.
Lokhu akuyona into ekhethekile eMhlabeni, empeleni, amanye amaplanethi ohlelweni lwethu olufanayo njengeSaturn, Jupiter, Neptune kanye ne-Uranus banayo, nokho, amandla oMhlaba anamandla kakhulu, avimbela iningi lomoya welanga ukudlula kuwo.
Umoya welanga nesiphepho selanga
Umoya welanga neziphepho zelanga zihlobene kodwa izenzakalo ezihlukene ezenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi welanga.
- umoya welanga: Iwukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe eziphuma eLangeni kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Umoya welanga uyinto eqhubekayo ehluka ngamandla ngenxa yomsebenzi welanga, njengama-sunspots kanye ne-coronal mass ejections.
- Isiphepho selanga: Kuyisigameko esiqhumayo esenzeka lapho inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenza elanga likhishwa ku-corona liye emkhathini ngesivinini esikhulu. Iziphepho zelanga ziyizenzakalo ezikhethekile futhi azenzeki njalo njengomoya welanga.
Ubudlelwano phakathi komoya welanga kanye ne-polar auroras
I-aurora ingenye yezibuko ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu ezibonwa eMhlabeni, isenzakalo esiye sathakazelisa abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ziyizibani ezikhanyayo noma ezibandayo ezibonakala esibhakabhakeni ezigxotsheni noma ezindaweni eziseduze ebusuku. Uma zivela eningizimu yezwe zibizwa ngokuthi i-aurora australis, kanti enyakatho nenkabazwe zibizwa ngokuthi i-aurora borealis.
Sizoxoxa nge-auroras ngoba ihlobene eduze ne-geomagnetism, umoya welanga, nayo yonke imiqondo esixoxile ngayo kulo lonke lesi sihloko. ama-aurora adalwa yizinhlayiya ezikhishwa yilanga: umoya, ukungqubuzana kwelanga ne-magnetosphere. Lezi zinhlayiya zigcinwa endaweni kazibuthe, futhi lapho la mandla engazinzi, akhishwa ngesimo semisebe kagesi, ekugcineni okubangele le miphumela yokukhanya enemibala.
Ama-aurora awafani ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ahluka kakhulu futhi angaba nemibala ehlukene, izimo, nezakhiwo. Ngakho-ke ungathola ukuhlukahluka okuningi, noma kunjalo, i-aurora borealis ejwayelekile ivame ukubukeka kanje:
- Ebusuku, i-arc emide ibonakala emkhathizwe, ngokuvamile ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga.
- Phakathi kwamabili, ukukhanya kwe-arc kuya kuba namandla futhi akhe ama-ripples eduze kwe-arc, kwelula ukukhanya.
- Isibhakabhaka sonke siqala ukumbozwa yile misebe, ama-spiral namabhande okukhanya ahamba emkhathizwe.
- Ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esimisiwe.
- Njengoba kusondela ukusa, lezi zibani ziyanyamalala, kusale ingxenye ethile yesibhakabhaka ikhanya.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomoya welanga kanye nezici zawo.