Kwi-meteorology sithola amasistimu angaphambili ahamba ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi angabonwa ngokuphatha imigqa esebalazweni ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuhamba komoya. Ngokuvamile, aziqondwa kalula ngumphakathi jikelele. Kulokhu, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi yini a umkhombe we-polar nokuthi yayisho ukuthini emephini yesimo sezulu.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi iyini i-fly trough, ukuthi iqala kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.
Uyini umkhombe ovamile
Kunezincazelo ezahlukene zokuthi uyini umkhombe emibhalweni yesayensi. Kungashiwo ukuthi kuyindawo enwetshiwe yokucindezela okuphansi kwesihlobo phezulu noma emoyeni ongaphezulu. Njengenjwayelo, ayihlotshaniswa neluphu evaliwe, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukuyihlukanisa nobuncane obuvaliwe. Ngaphambili ingemuva. Le ncazelo ifana kakhulu nomqondo weziteshi eziguquguqukayo noma ze-barometric. Kulezi zimo, ukuthola indawo encane noma ingcindezi ephezulu ye-barometric lapho i-contour yokucindezeleka ingasondeli kwanele ukudweba isigodi.
Kanye nomkhombe wendabuko, kwavela umqondo womkhombe ohlanekezelwe. Kulesi simo, ama-isobars awekho ohlangothini olufanayo nokucindezeleka okukhulu kunalokho obekujwayelekile. Ukucindezeleka kungashiwo ukuthi kunwebeka enyakatho ukusuka endaweni ephansi.
Iyini i-polar trough
Ukungena komoya obandayo ovela e-Arctic, ngakho njalo wehlisa izinga lokushisa. Isifunda somkhathi esinomfutho ophansi ohlobene nesifunda esiseduze ezingeni elifanayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-trough ngenxa yokuthi inomumo ongu-V, nendawo eqondile ebheke kumfutho ophansi.
Idalwa lapho izixuku zomoya zihamba emkhathini. Lapho imimoya yasentshonalanga ivela eNorth Pole, i-latitude iphansi futhi umkhathi uphakeme. Ivamise ukusuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga futhi ihambisana namafu amaningi kuwo wonke amazinga. Ku-meteorology, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa neziphepho noma ama-front.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-polar trough ne-DANA
Umkhombe yilapho inqwaba yomoya ofudumele, onomswakama ukhuphuka eduze kwendawo ephakeme yokucindezela okuphansi ephakathi kwezifunda ezimbili zomfutho ophezulu (ama-anticyclone), kwakheka umoya opholile, osindayo kakhulu ohlanganayo futhi udale ukukhula kwamafu okume mpo nemvula ehamba nabo. Ngakho-ke, ibhekisela ekucindezelekeni okude kwe-barometric okutholakala phakathi kwama-anticyclone amabili, noma ngokunembile, izifunda ezimbili ze-anticyclonic ezinezici ezihluke kancane.
I-DANA yisimo sezulu esinengcindezi ephansi ehlukanisayo futhi ihamba ngaphandle kokugeleza komoya osentshonalanga. Amaconsi amanzi abandayo angahlala cishe izinsuku ezimile noma ngezinye izikhathi aye ngasentshonalanga, kwelinye icala lokugeleza okukhona emoyeni.
imimoya neziphepho
Ngokungafani nama-depressions noma ama-cyclone, acishe abe yindilinga noma athandele ngokwendalo, imimoya ekhiqiza umkhombe ibuthakathaka ngoba amandla ayo ashabalala ngokushesha njengoba izindimbane zomoya zikhuphuka ngaphakathi komkhombe ngokwawo. Noma kunjalo, ukuqondiswa kwale mimoya kuyindaba efundwa kancane futhi evame ukudideka, nakuba ngokuyinhloko zichaza izinqubo ezikhiqiza izimvula ezingavamile neziqhubekayo emkhombeni.
Lena indlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima ukuyichaza ngokwendawo, futhi ukuhlonzwa kwayo emabalazweni esimo sezulu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifu elingaphambili lide kangakanani elivela ku-eksisi yomkhombe, lingafinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu (izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha). ). , ama-anticyclone amabili ayesemngceleni wawo abonakala kuphela ngokungabi bikho kwamafu nobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi imimoya ezungeze ama-anticyclones iphambene nezivunguvungu, ijikeleza njengewashi: ngoba sinama-anticyclone amabili njengezikhungo zesenzo, akhipha umoya, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo kuse "sigodini", ukwakha isiteshi, umoya uzungeza iwashi uzungeze umzila ngokwawo
Uma sikhuluma nje, imisele yasemkhathini ifana kakhulu neziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo, okungenani ngokwesakhiwo. Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu umumo (oyisiyingi uma kunesishingishane, esinwetshiwe esimweni somkhombe) kanye nosayizi waso: ISiphepho iSandy, esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni (amakhilomitha angu-1.800 ububanzi) lapho singafinyelela ubude obuyi-16.000 km noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa ukufana ekujikelezeni komkhathi kungabonakala kulezi zimo zezulu: amabhande emvula kuzo zombili izimo abonisa indlela efanayo nentuthuko, ejika ngokuphambene newashi enyakatho nenkabazwe kanye nokuhamba kwewashi eningizimu nenkabazwe.
Ikakhulukazi, i-polar trough ngokuvamile isuka entshonalanga iye empumalanga, futhi ihambisana namazinga ahlukahlukene okuguquguquka.
ukungazinzi komkhathi
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, imikhombe iboniswa njengezici ezihlobene ukwakheka kwemvula engeyona engaphambili ezinyangeni ezifudumele, eyakhiwe ngokuyisisekelo yi-convective foci ye- diurnal evolution. Lezi zimo ezicatshangelwayo ezidwetshwa kumephu yesimo sezulu zenzelwe ukusekela izinkundla zamafu, ikakhulukazi izibikezelo zezulu noma izinkambu zemvula ezihlaziyiwe, ezivame ukuhunyushwa njengemigqa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ukonakala ngenxa yokuguquguquka.
Iphuzu liwukuthi ngezinye izikhathi le migqa engazinzile isekelwe emithonjeni eshisayo enamandla kakhulu kanye nama-cryogenic ridges, konke okungadala indawo ekahle yokuhambisa. Ngalo mqondo, imikhombe ivame ukudwetshwa ngemuva komugqa wezulu/amafu, okuhlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuhlobene ne-convection kanye neziphepho.
Njengoba ubona, i-meteorology iba amakhonsathi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu angaholela ekubeni khona kwezimo ezithile zezulu. Ngalesi sihloko sihlose ukuqeda konke ukungabaza mayelana nokuba khona kwemigodi ye-polar. Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-polar trough, ukuthi yakhiwe kanjani nokuthi iyini imiphumela yayo.