El rhone river Ungomunye wemifula emikhulu eCentral Europe futhi uthathwa njengeminye yemifula ebaluleke kakhulu ogwini lwaseMedithera. Inenani elikhulu lemifula esebenza njenge-tributary yokwandisa ukugeleza futhi iguqule ibe yindawo eheha izivakashi esekelwe emikhunjini yokuhamba ngezinyawo. Iphinde iqondane noMfula iDuero, ngoba ungowamazwe womabili.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ama-tributaries kanye nomzila woMfula i-Rhône.
Umsuka womfula iRhône
Umfula i-Rhône udabuka e-Rhône Glacier e-Lepontine Alps e-Switzerland, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaba ngu-2209, empumalanga ekude yaseValais. Umfula i-Rhone ungamakhilomitha angama-812 ubude, uhlukaniswe waba amakhilomitha angama-290 eSwitzerland kanye namakhilomitha angama-522 eFrance. Ichweba laseRhône litholakala eLake Geneva futhi ligeleza esigodini seqhwa phakathi kweBernese Alps kanye neValaisins Alps.
Ngemva kokudlula eLake Geneva, uMfula iRhône ungena eFrance usuka entshonalanga onqenqemeni olusentshonalanga ye-Alps, okungukuthi, udlula edolobheni laseLyon, lapho uhlangana khona nomngenela wawo omude kakhulu, uMfula iSaône.
Emzileni wayo oseningizimu, iRhône phakathi kwezintaba zase-Alps nezintaba ezimaphakathi. Khona-ke, endaweni ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Arles, umfula uhlukana ube imifula emibili, uhlanganise iPetit Rhône ngasentshonalanga neGrand Rhône empumalanga, ngaleyo ndlela wakhe idelta yaseCamargue. Ngemva kwalolu hambo, i-Rhône ekugcineni igelezela eBay of Lions oLwandle iMedithera.
Amadolobha edlula kuwo
E-Switzerland, amanzi akhona ageleza e-Geneva kanye naseziqhingini zase-Valais, enqamula indawo yaseFrance, edlula e-Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, e-Occitania naseProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Umthamo wayo mkhulu ngoba uthola ogwini lwesokunxele amanzi e-Alps nasosebeni lwesokudla, ngokusebenzisa iSaone, amanzi ase-Highlands of Central France kanye neVosges. Beaucaire Inesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-1.650 m3/s futhi ithathwa njengesikhukhula uma idlula ku-5.000 m3/s. Izikhukhula ezinamandla kakhulu yilezo zika-1840, 1856 kanye no-2003 ezine-13.000 m³/s.
Lena yimizi okudlula kuyo umfula ofanayo phakathi nohambo lwawo usuka emlonyeni uye komunye. Lona umfula onqamula eGeneva.
- I-Geneva
- Lyon
- I-Valencia
- U-Avignon
- Arles
Umfula iRhone River
Sesiyazazi izifundazwe namadolobha agudla iRhône, njengoba sesishilo, edlula eGeneva. Kulolu hlu olulandelayo uzothola ama-tributaries omfula, a-odwe kusukela kokukhulu kuya kokuncane kakhulu:
- Umfula iShona ukude ngamakhilomitha angama-480.
- Durance River 323,8 km.
- I-Isere river 290 km.
- Ain river 190 km.
- Umfula iCèze 128 km.
- Umfula iKatong 127,3 km.
- Umfula i-Ouvèze ungamakhilomitha angu-123 ubude.
- I-Ardeche 120 km.
- Umfula iDrome 110 km.
- I-Arve River 102 km.
Iziteshi eziyinhloko zomfula i-Rhône
Ukugeleza kwayo okumaphakathi, okungaba ngu-1.820 m3/s, kanti okwesibili yisitsha sayo se-hydrographic esingu-97.800 km2.
high river bed
I-Rhone yaziwa ngokuvela endaweni eyiqhwa yegama elifanayo e-Swiss Alps Les Pontines; kusukela e-meltwater engxenyeni esempumalanga yesigodi saseValais. Iqhwa litholakala phakathi kwezintaba ezimbili ze-Urano Alps kanye ne-Valais Alps.
EMartigny kukhona ijika leRhône, lapho isigodi sishintsha khona ngokuzumayo, sisuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga siye enyakatho. Ngaphambi kokufika eBrig, iRhône yondliwa ukugeleza kweMassa (amakhilomitha ayisi-6), yona yondliwa yiqhwa lase-Aletsch, elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu.
Ama-rapids ambalwa kanye nemifudlana idla i-Rhône kulesi sigodi esimaphakathi ne-Bernese (enyakatho) ne-Valais (eningizimu) Alps. Ezinye zazo i-Agene, i-Milibach, iMinna, i-Minstigerbach, ne-Wysswasser.
Ekugcineni, iRhône ithola amanzi eDranse (ubude bamakhilomitha angu-14,3) osebeni lwayo lwesokunxele ngaphambi kokuba ijike ngokucijile enyakatho ibheke eLake Geneva noma iLeman. Lena ingxenye eyinhloko yeYurophu Ephakathi, cishe amakhilomitha angu-70 ubude, indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-582,4, futhi ingumngcele phakathi kweSwitzerland neFrance.
Phakathi koMfula iRhone
Ngemva kwamakhilomitha angu-290, iRhône ingena endaweni yaseSwitzerland inqamula iGorges de l'Écluse. EFrance, imifula isiza ukuhlukanisa izifundazwe zezwe lonke. Uma usuphumile emhosheni, ufinyelela edolobheni laseKhanaz, lapho uhlangana khona ube amagatsha amabili, okuthi baphinde bahlangane ngemva kohambo lwamakhilomitha angu-15. Kule ndawo, amabhange e-Rhône avikelwe iLavours Marshes National Nature Reserve (i-Rhône Park).
Ngemva kokushiya i-La Sauge, i-Grand Brotteau ne-des Chevres, umfula uqala kabusha indlela yawo ubheke enyakatho-ntshonalanga. I-Rhône igelezela e-Lyon, lapho ijoyina khona intela yayo ende, i-Saône. Igcina emfudlaneni ophakathi kwe-Alps nethafa elimaphakathi eningizimu.
isiteshi esiphansi
I-Rhône isuka endaweni yedolobha elikhulu futhi ifinyelele e-Givors, lapho i-Gère itholakala khona, amakhilomitha angu-34,5 ukuya kwesobunxele. Kusukela manje, umfula wethu wakha umngcele osempumalanga weDu Piira Regional Natural Park, bese kuba yi-Isère (290 km), lapho i-Île Platiers Nature Reserve ikhona. Bese ufika emasangweni aseMidi noma edolobheni laseValence.
Ngemva kokufika eDongzeer, umfula uhlukana kabili futhi umise okwesiqhingi esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ubude. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinendlela yemvelo ye-Rhône kanti ngakolunye sine-Donzère-Mondragon Canal, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba, ukupholisa isikhungo samandla enuzi i-Tricastin nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi esiteshini samandla kagesi e-Bollène. I-Rhône ibe isibhekisa amabombo e-Codolet, lapho ithola khona i-Cèze engamakhilomitha angu-128.
Ngaphambi nje kokufika ku-Fourques, i-Rhône ihlukana kabili, nesiteshi esikhulu ngakwesobunxele, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Grand Rhône, ne-Petit Rhône ngakwesokudla, yakha i-delta phakathi kokubili, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Camargue. Isiteshi sayo esikhulu, noma iGrande Rhône, ingaphezu kwekhilomitha elilodwa ububanzi, kuyilapho umsele omncane ungamamitha angu-135 kuphela ububanzi emnyango wawo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noMfula i-Rhône nezici zawo.