Ukwakheka komoya womhlaba

Uma iplanethi ikude kakhulu noma isondele kakhulu kwiLanga, kunzima kakhulu ukuba nayo ibe nomoya ojiyile ngokwanele ukusekela impilo. Lowo ozungeze uMhlaba, ikhaya lethu, yi- ungqimba lwegesi ngubani ovumele lokho ukuthi kwenzeke. Kuze kube manje, ayikho enye iplanethi etholakele "engaziqhayisa" ngokuba nezakhamuzi ezihlala kuyo.

Kodwa, Yini ukwakheka komkhathi womhlaba futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka?

Ukwakheka komoya womhlaba

Ukwakheka kwegesi emkhathini kuye kwashintsha kancane kancane ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka njengoba ukuma komhlaba kuye kwavela. Njengamanje, amagesi amathathu, i-nitrogen, i-oxygen ne-argon, akha u-99,95% womthamo womkhathi; kwalokhu, i-nitrogen ne-argon zinamandla we-geochemically futhi uma sezikhishelwe emkhathini zihlala lapho; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya-mpilo usebenza kakhulu futhi ubuningi bawo bunqunywa ngejubane lokuphendula okuxhumanisa idiphozi yomoya-mpilo wamahhala nediphozi yokwehlisa etholakala emadwaleni entaba.

Izingxenye ezisele zomoya zikhona ngamanani amancane kangangokuthi ukugxila kwazo kuvame ukuboniswa ezingxenyeni eziyisigidi ngevolumu. Zimi kanje:

• Neon: 20,2
• Helio: 4,0
• UMethane: 16,0
• IKrypton: 83,8
• IHydrogen: 2,0
• Xenon: 131,3
• Ozone: 48,0
• I-Iodine: 126,9
• URadon: 222,0
• I-Carbon dioxide: 44
• Umusi wamanzi: 18

Lawa magesi avela ngobukhulu obuhlala njalo kuze kufike ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisondele kuma-80 km, yingakho abizwa unomphela. Kodwa-ke, indima ebalulekile ezimweni zezulu iwela kumagesi aguqukayo, ikakhulukazi umhwamuko wamanzi, isikhutha, i-ozone nama-aerosols.

Umusi wamanzi

Umhwamuko wamanzi yigesi eyakhekayo lapho amanzi esuka ketshezi aye esimweni segesi. Kuyisici sokuqala sezinqubo eziningi zezulu, i-ejenti esebenzayo yokuhambisa ukushisa nesilawuli esishisayo.

I-Carbon dioxide

Ugesi ongenambala, ongenaphunga obalulekile ukuze kube nokuphila eMhlabeni, ngoba yiwona obhekele kakhulu lokho okubizwa ngokuthi abamba ukushisa. Njengamanje, ukwanda kokukhishwa kwalo gesi kudala ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa.

Ozone

Lona kuphela igesi yomoya ukuthi kumunca cishe yonke imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ngakho-ke kwakha imvilophu evikelayo okungenakuphila ngayo emhlabeni.

I-Aerosoles

Banomthelela omkhulu ekubonakaleni komoya futhi benza imisebenzi enqumayo isimo sezulu, ngokusebenza njenge ukufinyela kwenhliziyo okuvela kuwo amafu nenkungu, yize kwesinye isikhathi kuyimbangela yamazinga abucayi okungcoliswa komoya lapho ukugxila kwabo kuphezulu.

Izinhla zomkhathi womhlaba

Umkhathi womhlaba uhlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu. Iyacinana ngaphezulu, kepha ubukhulu bayo buyancipha ngokuphakama lize ekugcineni linyamalale emkhathini.

• I-Troposphere: Ungqimba lokuqala futhi yilapho sizithola khona. Yilapho futhi isimo sezulu senzeka khona. Itholakala ezingeni eliphansi kuze kufike ku-10km ukusuka phezulu.
• I-Stratosphere: Uma uke wagibela indiza ye-jet, ukwenze wafika lapha. Ungqimba lwe-ozone luzotholakala nakule ungqimba. Itholakala phakathi kuka-10km no-50km phezulu.
• Umkhathi: okuyilapho ama- meteorite "ashiswa" futhi abhujiswa khona. Itholakala phakathi kuka-50 no-80km wokuphakama.
• I-Thermosphere: lapho kwakhiwa khona izibani ezinhle zasenyakatho. Futhi kulapho ama-spaceships azungeza khona. Itholakala phakathi kuka-80 no-500km wokuphakama.
• Umkhathi: okuyisendlalelo esingaphandle nesincane kakhulu esigcina ngokuhlangana nesikhala sangaphandle. Itholakala phakathi kuka-500 no-10.000 km wokuphakama cishe.

Isimo sezulu nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke

Kusukela ngeNguquko Yezimboni, ubuntu buqhubekile nokwandisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokunye ukungcola okuye kwabangela ukuba izinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke likhuphuke 0ºC. Kungabonakala kukuncane, kepha iqiniso ukuthi kwanele ukuvumela ukwakheka kwezimo zezulu ezinamandla ngokwandayo, noma ngabe kuyiziphepho, iziphepho noma isomiso.

Kepha kungani lokhu kwanda okubonakala kungabalulekile kuthinta impilo eMhlabeni kangaka? Yebo, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangela ukushisa kwezilwandle, futhi okwamanje kube ne-asidi. Izilwandle ezifudumele 'zingondla' izivunguvungu ezibhubhisayo. Futhi, iqhwa ezindaweni ezibandayo liyancibilika. Lelo qhwa elincibilikayo kufanele liye kwenye indawo, futhi impela liya olwandle, kubangele ukwanda kwezinga layo.

Ngaphandle kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungcola kwegesi, ukuze ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka ngama-2 degrees, Njengobuncane.

Ngakho-ke, siyethemba ukuthi kube wusizo kuwe nokuthi kuzoba lula kuwe kusuka manje ukubheka izingqimba ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokwakheka komkhathi womhlaba kanye nendima ebalulekile abayidlalayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi kukhona ukuphila kuleplanethi encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.