Isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, iJames Webb Space Telescope ayizange iyeke ukusimangaza. Lesi sibonakude siye saqhubeka sisiza umphakathi wesayensi ukuba uxazulule izingqinamba zendawo yonke. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe lwakamuva, ukwazile ukuthwebula isakhiwo esithakazelisayo esikwenye yezinkanyezi ezaziwa kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, kude neSolar System yethu. Imayelana nokuzalwa kwenkanyezi e-Orion.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi i-James Webb space telescope iyithathe kanjani ukuzalwa kwenkanyezi e-Orion.
Ukuzalwa kwenkanyezi e-Orion
Ofakazi bokwakheka kwezinkanyezi bayamangalisa ngempela. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwalezi zindaba yisakhiwo esimangalisayo esaziwa nge-HH212. Itholakala ngaphakathi komlaza we-Orion, isebenza njengobufakazi bamakhono e-James Webb Telescope. Nakuba ukubeletha kubhekwa kabanzi njengokunye kokuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla kakhulu komuntu, imiphumela yokuzalwa kwenkanyezi ihlaba umxhwele ngokufanayo. Lesi simo kuboniswe ngokumangalisayo ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseHerbig-Haro, ikakhulukazi esakhiweni se-HH212, esingabonwa kuphela ku-spectrum yokukhanya kwe-infrared.
Itholakala cishe eminyakeni engu-1.200 yokukhanya ukusuka emhlabeni wethu, phakathi nendawo ye-HH112, i-protostar ecishe ingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Lokhu protostar Ineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-50.000 XNUMX ubudala, engafaniswa nengane ngokwesintu. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kulula, kunamandla okuba inkanyezi enkulu njengeLanga lethu.
UJames Webb uthwebula ukuzalwa kwenkanyezi e-Orion
Unyaka ka-2023 wawungasho ukutholakala kwe-HH112, njengoba yayihlonzwe kusukela ngo-1993 izazi zezinkanyezi eMauna Kea Observatory zisebenzisa i-NASA Infrared Telescope. Nokho, isibonakude sikaJames Webb sisethulele ngezinga elithile lobunkimbinkimbi ekuqapheliseni kwethu lesi sakhiwo esasingatholakali ngaphambilini.
NgokukaProfesa Mark McCaughrean, umeluleki omkhulu we-ESA, isithombe sakamuva siyinhlanganisela yamaza ayisithupha ahlukene futhi sinembe ngokuphindwe kashumi kunanoma yisiphi isithombe sangaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthi:
Ukutholwa kwe-HH112 kubhekwe kaningi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo, njengezibonakude ezinkulu, amakhamera we-infrared angcono nezithombe zokucaca okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izithombe zikaJames Webb zidlule konke ukubonwa kwangaphambilini. Nakuba ukwakheka kwe-HH112 kukukhulu, kukala iminyaka engu-2,3 yokukhanya, inkanyezi ihlala ifihliwe ukuba ingabonwa. Into kuphela ekhishwa ngendlela yamajethi apheshulwa ezinhlangothini eziphambene ingatholwa.
Ukwengeza, ukushaqeka kwe-arc kungabonakala kuhambela ngaphandle njengamagagasi othusayo avela enkanyezini. Kuvamile ukuthi noma iyiphi into engadliwe inkanyezi yakhe i-accretion disk kanye ne-orbit ezungezile, okuyothi esikhathini esizayo esikude izoveza ama-asteroids, amaplanethi kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila.
James Webb Telescope Izici
I-James Webb Space Telescope iyisibonakude esiklanyelwe ukuhlola indawo yonke ngamaza amaza e-infrared. Igama layo lihlonipha umlawuli weNASA uJames E. Webb, owabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ohlelweni lwasemkhathini lwaseMelika ngeminyaka yawo-1960. I-James Webb iwukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwe-NASA, i-European Space Agency (ESA) kanye ne-Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
Ngesibuko esiyinhloko esingamamitha angu-6.5-ububanzi, uJames Webb mkhulu kakhulu kunomanduleli waso, iHubble Space Telescope. Lesi sibonakude siklanyelwe ukutadisha izinto ze-cosmic ku-infrared, siyivumela ukuthi ibone izifunda zesikhala okunzima ukuzifunda ngokukhanya okubonakalayo. I-infrared iwusizo ngokukhethekile ukungena emafwini othuli lwe-cosmic futhi babheke izinto ezibandayo, njengokwenza amaplanethi nezinkanyezi ezisanda kuzalwa.
Ukwethulwa kwe-James Webb kumelela ingqopha-mlando ekuhloleni umkhathi kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi, njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kwembule ulwazi olusha mayelana nokwakheka kwezinkanyezi, imithala ekude, ukwakheka komkhathi wama-exoplanets nezinye izenzakalo ze-cosmic ezithakazelisayo. Indawo yayo endaweni ye-L2 Lagrange, cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ukusuka eMhlabeni, Ivumela isibonakude ukuthi sihlale sipholile futhi sinikeze ukubonwa okuzinzile nokunemininingwane.
I-James Webb iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu ngendawo yonke, futhi okutholakele kanye nokubhekwa kwayo kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zesayensi yezinkanyezi kanye ne-astrophysics.
Amakhono we-telescope
I-James Webb Space Telescope igqame ngeqhaza layo elikhulu kwisayensi yezinkanyezi kusukela yadalwa. Lawa amanye amakhono ayo:
- Ukubhekwa kwemithala ekude: Ngenxa yekhono layo lokubona imisebe ye-infrared, u-James Webb uzokwazi ukufunda ngemithala ekude futhi abuke izenzakalo ze-cosmic ezenzeka ngemva nje kwe-Big Bang. Lokhu kuzovumela ososayensi ukuba bakuqonde kangcono ukwakheka nokuziphendukela kwemithala kuwo wonke umlando wendawo yonke.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-exoplanets: Isibonakude sizodlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwama-exoplanet, amaplanethi azungeza izinkanyezi ngaphandle kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Ngokuhlaziya ukukhanya okudlula emkhathini walawa ma-exoplanets, isibonakude sizonikeza ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali nezimo zomkhathi, okungase kuhlanganise namacebiso kuma-biosignatures angaba khona.
- Ucwaningo lokwakheka kwenkanyezi: Lesi sibonakude sivumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zibone izifunda lapho izinkanyezi zakha khona futhi zicwaninge inqubo ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucwaninga kwamafu amangqamuzana namadiski e-protoplanetary, okuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi izinkanyezi nezinhlelo zamaplanethi zizalwa futhi ziguquke kanjani.
- Ukuhlola izinto ezibandayo nezimnyama: Ngenxa yekhono layo lokubona ku-infrared, uJames Webb angangena amafu othuli lwe-cosmic futhi afunde izinto ezibandayo okunzima ukuzibona kumaza abonakalayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhekwa kwezinto ezincane ezinsundu, izinto eziphakathi kwezinkanyezi namaplanethi ngokwezinga lokushisa nobukhulu.
- Ukuphenywa komkhathi wamaplanethi kuSolar System: Nakuba i-James Webb ngokuyinhloko yakhelwe ukubhekwa ngaphandle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga wethu, izophinde isetshenziselwe ukufunda izinto ezingaphakathi kwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kusivumela ukuba sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe umkhathi wamaplanethi esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, njengeJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus neNeptune.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthunjwa kokuzalwa kwenkanyezi e-Orion ngesibonakude sikaJames Webb.