Umthelela okukhona kwe-James Webb telescope eSpain yinto ekhumbulekayo. Kusukela ekutholeni izimangaliso ezifihliwe ekujuleni komkhathi kuya ekukhanyiseni isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, lesi sibonakude esingavamile siye sadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwesayensi. Futhi manje, ubheka i-Uranus, iplanethi ekude, eneqhwa ngale kwePluto, eveza ubuhle bayo obumangalisayo nge-lens. Isithombe se- I-Uranus yi-James Webb Telescope ibe nomthelela emphakathini wesayensi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici zesithombe sika-Uranus ngesibonakude sikaJames Webb, izici zayo kanye neminye imisebenzi yalesi sibonakude esibalulekile.
Isithombe sika-Uranus yi-James Webb Telescope
I-NASA ilusho ngokusemthethweni lolu lwazi kusizindalwazi sayo, kanye nasenkundleni yezokuxhumana u-X (eyayaziwa ngokuthi yi-Twitter). Ngeqoqo lezithombe, i-NASA ibonise umdondoshiya weqhwa kanye nezindandatho zayo nezinyanga. I-James Webb Space Telescope Uze wakwazi ngisho nokuthwebula indandatho ye-Zeta ye-Uranus, ebhekwa njengentekenteke kakhulu, ehlakazekile futhi engaqondakali kubo bonke.
UWebb akagcinanga nje ngokukwazi ukuthwebula i-Uranus kodwa futhi wathwebula izithombe zenqwaba yezinyanga zayo. Njengamanje, kunezinyanga ezingama-27 ezaziwa ngokuzungeza i-Uranus, nakuba ukubonwa kukaWebb kwembule ukuba khona kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ezincane ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwamasongo omhlaba amahle.
Akuyona nje i-Webb telescope eye yabona i-Uranus. I-Voyager 2 iphinde yenza ukubheka ngeminyaka yawo-80, isebenzisa ubude obubonakalayo. Nakuba izithombe zaziphawuleka ngaleso sikhathi, azizange zicace. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa amaza amaza e-infrared, u-Uranus manje wembula inqwaba yezambulo ebezifihliwe ngaphambilini.
I-NASA ibize le planethi ngokuthi “umhlaba oneqhwa oshintshashintsha njalo,” igqamisa izici zayo eziheha ngendlela emangalisayo. I-ejensi yasemkhathini igqamisa ngokukhethekile ungqimba lwamafu lwesizini olutholakala endaweni esenyakatho yeplanethi, manje esicutshungulwe ngokujula okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izenzakalo eziphawulekayo, kufaka phakathi uchungechunge lweziphepho ezinamandla ezenzeka eduze nangaphansi komphetho oseningizimu wekepisi le-polar.
Ukutholwa kwe-Uranus yi-James Webb Telescope
I-NASA inombono wokuthi ukwenzeka, ukuvama, kanye nezindawo ezithile zalezi ziphepho emkhathini we-Uranus zithonywa inhlanganisela yezici zesizini nezesimo sezulu. Izinkathi ezimenyezelwe ngendlela emangalisayo ze-Uranus, okubangelwa ukutsheka kwayo okungama-degree angu-98, kunomthelela ekushubeni kwalezi zindlela zesimo sezulu.
I-ejensi yasemkhathini iveza ukuthi ingxenye yesine yonyaka wayo omude kakhulu (okulingana neminyaka engama-84 yoMhlaba), i-Uranus ihlangabezana nesenzakalo esiyinqaba lapho iLanga likhanyisa enye yezigxobo zayo kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yeplanethi ingena enkathini yasebusika yobumnyama obuphelele, obuthatha iminyaka engu-21 yoMhlaba emangalisayo. Izazi zezinkanyezi zilindele ngabomvu i-solstice ezayo ka-2028 njengoba izonikeza ithuba lokuhlola nokuqinisekisa izinguquko ekubunjweni kwalezi zici zomkhathi.
Nakuba le mininingwane ingase ibonakale ingenamsebenzi, inokuhambisana okubalulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu okutholakele, sizokwazi ukuqonda okujulile kwendandatho ye-Zeta, okuyinto izovumela izazi zezinkanyezi zesikhathi esizayo ukuthi zenze amasu anamasu okuya e-Uranus. Ukwengeza, i-Uranus iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuhlolwa kwe-exoplanet, njengoba ibonisa izici eziningi ezifana nalezo zama-exoplanet akude ezivunjululwa ososayensi njengamanje.
Ukubaluleka kokufunda i-Uranus akunakubukelwa phansi, njengoba kunenani elikhulu kwizazi zezinkanyezi ezifuna ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamaplanethi anobukhulu obufanayo, kanye nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nemvelaphi yawo nesimo sezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ucwaningo lwe-Uranus lunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuhlola nokuqonda uhlelo lwethu sonozungezilanga ngezinga elikhulu, njengoba kuqinisekiswe yi-NASA.
Ukutholwa kwe-Uranus
Ngokusho kwe-ESA kanye ne-NASA, ukulungiswa kwe-infrared okukhethekile kanye nokuzwela kwe-Webb kuvumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zibone izici ezihlukile ze-Uranus ngokunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kucaca okusha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nendandatho ye-Zeta, kubaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni amasu ohambo oluzayo oluya e-Uranus.
Sithwetshulwe ikhamera ye-NIRCam, isithombe asivezi kuphela izinyanga eziyisi-9 kwezingu-27 ezizungeza iplanethi, kodwa futhi sinikeza amazwibela ezinyanga ezincane ezitholakala phakathi kwamasongo amakhulu. Lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini, ezikhonjiswa amachashazi aluhlaza azungeze izindandatho zewashi, bahlanganisa uRosalind, uPuck, uBelinda, uDesdemona, uCressida, uBianca, uPortia, uJuliet noPerdita.
Uma ibhekwa kumaza abonakalayo, i-Uranus ibonakala iyindilinga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eqinile, ezolile. Kodwa-ke, nge-lens yamakhono we-infrared weWebb, izwe elineqhwa elihehayo nelihlala lishintsha elinezici zomkhathi ezithakazelisayo kuyembulwa.
Isici esisodwa esiphawuleka kakhulu i-northern polar cap yeplanethi, esicutshungulwe ngokuningiliziwe uma siqhathaniswa nesithombe esithathwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Isitatimende siphinde saphawula ukuba khona kwesigqoko sangaphakathi esimhlophe esikhanyayo futhi umugqa omnyama ohlukile otholakala kuma-latitudes aphansi wekepisi elipholile.
Izivunguvungu eziningi ezinamandla zingabonwa ngaphansi konqenqema oluseningizimu yekepisi le-polar. Ukuvama, inombolo kanye nendawo yalezi zivunguvungu emkhathini we-Uranus kungabangelwa inhlanganisela yezici zesimo sezulu kanye nezesizini. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi u-Uranus uhlangabezana nokuhluka okukhulu kwesizini kulo lonke Uhlelo Lwelanga. Cishe Ngo-25% wonyaka ngamunye wase-Uranian, isigxobo esisodwa sikhanyiswa yiLanga, kanti enye ingxenye yeplanethi ihlushwa ubusika obude obuthatha iminyaka engu-21.
Njengoba i-solstice isondela futhi isigxobo seplanethi siqondana neLanga, i-polar cap ibonakala kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwelanga. Izazi zezinkanyezi zilindele ngabomvu i-Uranus solstice ezayo ngo-2028, ngethemba lokuthola izinguquko ezingaba khona ekwakhekeni kwalezi zici ezihlukile.
Usizo lwe-Webb luzoba usizo ekuchazeni ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezinto zesizini nezesimo sezulu ezithinta iziphepho e-Uranus, kanjalo inikeza izazi zezinkanyezi ukwaziswa okubalulekile mayelana nokuguquguquka komkhathi okuyinkimbinkimbi kwale planethi.
Ukuze bahlole ngokunembile amandla adonsela phansi e-Uranus futhi bahlolisise umkhathi wayo, ososayensi bahlose ukuletha umkhumbi-mkhathi ovakashelayo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka neplanethi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlela ngokucophelela kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana okungase kube khona nemfucumfucu yendandatho yeqhwa nothuli olungase lube khona.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokutholwa kwe-Uranus yi-James Webb Telescope