Lapho imvula inetha emhlabathini othinteke isomiso ngemva kwesikhathi eside, kuphuma iphunga elihlukile. Leli phunga ngokuvamile laziwa ngokuthi "iphunga lomhlaba omanzi" noma "iphunga lemvula" ngolimi lwansuku zonke. I-Petrichor igama eliqanjwe ukuchaza leli phunga. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iphunga lomhlaba omanzi likhiqizwa kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi iphunga lomhlaba omanzi likhiqizwa kanjani, ezinye zezici zalo kanye nomlando.
Umsuka wegama elithi petrichor
Izazi zokuma komhlaba zase-Australia zaqamba igama elithi "petrichor" ngo-1964. Igama elithi "preticor" noma "pretichor" laqanjwa izazi zokuma komhlaba ezimbili zase-Australia, u-Isabel Joy Bear kanye no-RG Thomas ngo-1964. Leli gama lethulwa esihlokweni esanyatheliswa kuyi-Nature (993/2). ) lapho belichaza khona ngokuthi "iphunga elimnandi elikhiqizwa izitshalo ezithile phakathi nesomiso." Amafutha la Imuntshwa ebusweni bamadwala, ikakhulukazi amatshe asele phansi njengobumba, futhi idedelwa emoyeni lapho ihlangana nemvula.. Ngokuvamile ihambisana nenye inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-geosmin. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlanganisela kubangela iphunga eliyingqayizivele esilibonayo, futhi lapho kukhona isiphepho, i-ozone ingase ibe khona.
Iphunga lomhlaba omanzi likhiqizwa kanjani
Ngemva kocwaningo olwengeziwe, uBear noThomas (1965) babonisa ukuthi amafutha anephunga elimnandi anamandla okuvimbela ukwakheka kwembewu nokukhula kwezitshalo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izitshalo zikhiqiza la mafutha njengendlela yokuzivikela yokuvimbela ukuhluma ngesikhathi sesomiso. Iphunga lamafutha li ikakhulukazi eqinile futhi ikhona yonke indawo ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zezimvula ezilandela isomiso eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-petrichor, eyakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukene ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, ayikakhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
I-Geosmin, igama lesiGreki elisho "iphunga lomhlaba," ikhemikhali ekhiqizwa amagciwane i-Streptomyces coelicolor namanye ama-cyanobacteria. Lawa mabhaktheriya e-gram-positive angewona ama-pathogenic asabalele futhi anenzuzo emvelweni ngenxa ukubamba iqhaza kwayo ezinqubweni eziningi ezisiza ukugcina ibhalansi ye-ecosystem. I-Geosmin idalwe ngesenzo salawa magciwane. Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ukuthanda kwethu iphunga le-petrichor, noma “iphunga lomhlaba omanzi,” kuyifa elivela kokhokho bethu, ababehlobanisa imvula nokuphila nokuphila.
Izazi ze-Anthropologists zikholelwa ukuthi okhokho bethu benza ukuxhumana okuhle naleli phunga, njengoba kwakusho ukuphela kwenkathi eyingozi yesomiso kanye nokufika kwemvula eyayidingeka kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa lokho iphunga le-geosmin liye laqondisa izilwane ezithile, njengamakamela, ukuze kutholakale amanzi futhi iye yasiza izitshalo ezithile ukuba zithole impova enkulu, njengase-Amazon.
Sebenzisa iphunga lomhlaba omanzi njengesiqholo
Ngo-2008, umdali we-Hermès perfume, uJean-Claude Ellena, wakhiqiza iphunga elimnandi neliqabulayo elikhumbuza indawo egcwele amanzi. Umenzi wamakha ngokwakhe ukuchaza ngokuthi "inkulumo enokuthula yemvelo ezalwa kabusha ngemva kwemvula." Umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wokuthwebula iphunga lomhlaba omanzi ebhodleleni awumusha. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, abelaphi, abazincisha ukudla, odokotela nezindela eNdiya, e-Oman nasezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi base benza kakade i-mitti attar, noma “amakha omhlaba,” okuyinto i-distillation yamafutha e-sandalwood kanye nodaka olomisiwe oluhlanganisa ingqikithi yesikhathi lapho izimvula ze-monsoon zinetha emhlabathini owomile.. Leli phunga lembula ingqikithi yomhlaba oswakeme lapho amanzi ebuyela kuwo, ethatha indawo yalokho elathathwa yilanga.
Kuwo wonke umlando walo, leli phunga elimnandi liye lafeza izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwalo njengekhambi lokwelapha, umnikelo emikhosini yenkolo, Ukuhlanzeka okubalulekile kwamakilasi ama-elite ezindlini zabo nasezigodlweni zabo. Leli phunga elimnandi lalinothile olunamandla futhi oludakayo kangangokuthi lalingase libe i-narcotic. Kwaba sengathi iphunga lalikhipha ukushisa kwezwe elomile, eliwugwadule, kungazelelwe liduduzwe imvula eqabulayo.
Umlando we-petrichor
EMpumalanga Ephakathi, abapristi nodokotela bakudala babengakaqapheli lesi senzakalo uJean-Claude Ellena ayesesitholile kakade. Iphunga elimnandi lomhlaba omanzi ngemva kwemvula libangelwa ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamanzi, inhlabathi kanye nama-microorganisms ahlukene ahlala lapho. Leli phunga liye ladonsa ukunaka kososayensi nabakhi bamakha, kangangokuthi kusukela ngo-1964 kuye kwanikezwa igama elithi petrichor. Igama - elivela emagameni esiGreki elithi petros (itshe elisho itshe) nelithi ichor (okusho uketshezi olugeleza emithanjeni yonkulunkulu ngokwezinganekwane zamaGreki) - laqanjwa u-Isabel Joy Bear noRichard Thomas esihlokweni esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature.
"I-petrichor Kuyiphunga elimnandi nelimnandi elihambisana nemvula. Kuyinhlanganisela yezakhi eziningana, okuhlanganisa amagesi asemkhathini, ama-molecule akhiqizwa amagciwane ezindaweni ezinomswakama kanye nezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo ezinuka kamnandi ezibekwe phezu kwamadwala, ubumba nezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokuba line, kuzwakala iphunga eliyingqayizivele emkhathini. Lesi simo esinephunga elimnandi siwumphumela wokuhlangana komhlaba nesibhakabhaka. Njengoba umoya ugcwala umswakama, uhlangana nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezomile, njengetiyela, amadwala nokungcola. Amanani amancane amanzi aqalayo angena kulezi zindawo, akhiphe ama-molecule anamakha. Iphunga lizwakala kakhulu lapho imvula ifika, inqubo ephawuleka ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo kanye nezikhathi zesomiso. Lapho umhlabathi woma, kulapho kuphuma amafutha amaningi phakathi nemvula.
Ukuqina kwephunga kuncike enanini lezinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ezikhona endaweni lapho imvula inetha khona. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinqwabelana ngezikhathi ezomile, okuchaza ukuthi kungani ama-nuances ephunga egcwala kakhulu phakathi nezimvula zasehlobo. Uchwepheshe uBarcenilla uchaza le nqubo ngokuningiliziwe. Iphunga le-petrichor liwumfanekiso wesimo sezwe, kodwa lidinga amanzi ukuze libonakale. Ukuqongelela amafutha nama-molecule anamakha, i-petrichor idinga izikhathi ezomile. Ngakho Ngenkathi yezimvula noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, iphunga layo alinamandla kangako.
Iphunga le-petrichor liwumhlaba futhi linomswakama, nokho, kuya ngendawo ezungezile (ukuba khona kwamaminerali, amadwala, amagciwane, izilwane kanye nezitshalo ngesikhathi nendawo yemvula) ingaqukatha inqwaba yobuqili. Lezi ezicashile zingaba luhlaza, okubabayo, okusawoti, okunokhuni, namanothi esikhunta, amaminerali, i-ozone, umoya omusha noma iphunga lezimboni noma le-asphalt.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iphunga lomhlaba omanzi lakhiwa kanjani kanye nezici zalo.