El i-volcano tonga eyaqhuma ngoJanuwari 15, 2022, itholakala cishe amakhilomitha angama-30 eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Fonuafoʻou, isiqhingi esiyingxenye yesizwe saseTonga. Ngo-January 15, izwe eliyisiqhingi saseTonga ePacific Ocean laqala ukuqhuma. Kukhishwe izexwayiso nge-tsunami eSamoa, eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eBaja California, e-US West Coast, Japan, Peru naseChile ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle, okubangele i-tsunami ethinte iziqhingi zakuleliya lizwe kanye nogu lweFiji.
Sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nemiphumela yako.
isizinda sentabamlilo
Ngemva kokuba intaba-mlilo ithule kusukela ngo-2014, iHunga Tonga yaqhuma ngoDisemba 20, 2021, yathumela izinhlayiya endaweni eyi-stratosphere, ehambisana nomlotha omkhulu obonakala eNuku'alofa, inhloko-dolobha yaseTonga, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-70 ukusuka entaba-mlilo. I-Volcanic Ash Alert Center (VAAC) eWellington, eNew Zealand, ikhiphe isexwayiso ezinhlanganweni zezindiza ukuthi ukuqhuma kuzwakale endaweni eyi-100 miles (170 miles) away. Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwaphela ngoDisemba 21 ngamahora angu-0200. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwaqhubeka, futhi ngo-December 25, isiqhingi sase senyuke ngosayizi ezithombeni zesathelayithi. Ngomsebenzi oncishisiwe esiqhingini, kumenyezelwe ukuthi awusasebenzi ngoJanuwari 11, 2022.
Ukuqhuma okukhulu kokuqala kwarekhodwa ngoJanuwari 14, 2022, kwathumela ifu lomlotha ngamakhilomitha angama-20 ukuphakama emkhathini. Ukuqhuma bekuzwakala amashumi amakhilomitha ukuzungeza, okwenza kube nesexwayiso esivela kuziphathimandla zendawo. Izakhamuzi zaseFiji zichaze ukuduma okufana nokuduma. Ukuqhuma kuzwakale eNorth Island yaseNew Zealand nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia. Emkhathini, iziphuphutheki ezisakaza ePacific ziye zakwazi ukuthwebula ikholomu yokuqhuma ebanzi kakhulu enamagagasi athusayo.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga
Lokhu kuqhuma kubangele ukuthi kukhishwe imiyalo yokuphuma ogwini lwaseTonga, kanye naseziqhingini ezimbalwa zaseNingizimu Pacific, ngezithombe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezibonisa amagagasi eshaya amakhaya asogwini. Izintambo zocingo neze-inthanethi nazo zanqanyulwa. Intaba-mlilo yaseTonga yabonisa ukusebenza ngoZibandlela, kodwa lena yayingenakuqhathaniswa: yayinamandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesikhombisa.
Intaba-mlilo yakhafula isitimu, igesi, nomlotha kwaze kwafinyelela ukuphakama okungamakhilomitha angama-20 kanye nebanga elingamakhilomitha angama-260. Umlotha usufinyelele ngisho nasenhloko-dolobha, iNuku'alofa, futhi ngokofakazi abathile, umsindo wokuqhuma ungazwakala emakhulwini amakhilomitha ezindaweni ezikude njengaseFiji noma eziqhingini zaseVanuatu. I-Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai isivele iqalile imisebenzi yayo ekupheleni kuka-2021.
Isathelayithi ye-GOES West ye-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yabelane ngezithombe ezithwetshulwe esifundeni kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni. Wachaza ukuthi ukwandiswa kwekholomu yomlotha namagagasi adonsela phansi kungabonakala ekurekhodweni. Iphinde inikeze ngesithombe sebhendi esibonakalayo "esibomvu", esihlinzeka ngokulungiswa okunemininingwane eminingi kwanoma yisiphi isithombe sesisekelo esithuthukisiwe sesathelayithi.
ukukhiqizwa kwe-tsunami
I-tsunami edalwe ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo engaphansi kolwandle e-Tonga ihlasele ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States nase-Canada ngoMgqibelo, namagagasi angaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ukuphakama okungenani isenzakalo esisodwa futhi abangela izikhukhula ezincane ezingxenyeni ze-California.
Amagagasi aqoshwe kude kangaka asukela kumasentimitha ayi-7 e-Alameda (California) kufika ku-24 centimeters e-Port St. Louis, cishe amakhilomitha angu-300 enyakatho ye-Los Angeles esifundeni esifanayo, ngokwesevisi ye-NOAA. Umthelela weza noma ugu lwaseCalifornia lucishe lube amakhilomitha angu-8.700 (5.400 miles) ukusuka esiqhingini saseSouth Pacific esiyisiqhingi saseTonga, lapho kwenzeke khona ukuqhuma. Ugu lwaseJapan lwasePacific luhlaselwe ekuqaleni kwaleli Sonto.
Uthe i-tsunami idale "izikhukhula ezincane" e-Santa Cruz, eCalifornia, amabhishi avalwa futhi abantu bakhishwa ezindaweni zentengiso eziseduze nogu, nakuba kungekho muntu owaphoqwa ukuphuma ezindlini zabo.
EBerkeley, eCalifornia. abantu abangaba ngu-110 bakhishwa ezikebheni nasezikhumulweni zemikhumbi ngasogwini; Iningi lamabhishi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe livaliwe ngenxa yalesi sexwayiso, kubika isitolo sendawo iBerkeleyside.
Amahora ngemuva kokuthi isevisi ikhiphe isexwayiso se-tsunami e-Hawaii, isixwayiso se-tsunami sikhanseliwe ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi amagagasi alobu bukhulu ayengakenzeki e-US Pacific Islands. Kunalokho, i-NOAA igcina izexwayiso ze-tsunami e-California, Oregon, Washington nase-Alaska, futhi njengaseBritish Columbia, eCanada.
I-Chilean Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) yaqinisekisa ukuthi amagagasi amakhulu kunawo wonke azwakala emadolobheni athile asenyakatho yezwe, njenge-Iquique ne-Atacama, lapho kwenzeka khona izikhukhula ezincane.
Ukulimala kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga
Ukuqhuma okunamandla kwentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi eTonga, eyayinamandla kangangokuthi yayibonakala emkhathini futhi yazwakala oLwandlekazini iPacific, ulwandle olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, sekubulale okungenani abantu ababili ePeru ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalawo manzi, futhi kwaba nesixwayiso se-tsunami. ikhishwe. yaqala ukusuka eJapane kuya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, ngokususwa eChile kuya e-Australia. Kodwa ukubhujiswa okukhulu kunakho konke kwabhalwa eTonga, umbuso weziqhingi ezincane ezingu-170 ezinezakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-105.000 XNUMX eNingizimu Pacific.
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zaseCatalan ezihlukahlukene zingarekhoda izinguquko kumfutho womoya ongaphezulu. Enye yazo yiFabra Observatory eseBarcelona, umphathi wayo u-Alfons Puertas aqopha iziphambeko ezingosini zokuxhumana kumarekhodi engcindezi enhloko-dolobha yaseCatalan ngemva kokuqhuma okunodlame, into efanayo nayo eyaqoshwa endaweni yokubuka i-Selvi Meteorological Observatory. . I-Catalonia (Meteocat). Ukushaqeka kwegagasi lokuqhuma kwaqoshwa phakathi koMgqibelo ebusuku nasekuseni ngeSonto ekuseni, lapho umfutho womoya ushintsha kungazelelwe.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga.