Siyazi ukuthi iplanethi yethu inezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokunyakaza okufana nokuhumusha nokuzungezisa. Kodwa-ke, futhi inomnyakazo ongaziwa kakhulu ngabantu futhi yaziwa ngegama le-nutation. Yena ukunyakaza kwe-nutation Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ukuyazi ukuze wazi okwengeziwe ngeplanethi enguMhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini ukunyakaza kwe-nutation, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Kuyini ukunyakaza kwe-nutation
Ukunyakaza kwe-nutation kuyinto eyenzeka kwezinye izinto ezijikelezayo, njengoMhlaba. ingafaniswa ne ukunyakaziswa okucashile kwesiqongo esesivele siqalile ukuzungeza. Endabeni yeplanethi yethu, i-nutation ingumnyakazo omncane owengeziwe obekwe phezulu ekujikelezeni okuyinhloko.
Ake ucabange ukuthi umhlaba uyindawo engaphezulu elingana kahle ezungeza i-eksisi. Nokho, ngenxa yethonya lamandla angaphandle ahlukene, njengeNyanga neLanga, indlela ezungeza ngayo ayifani ngokuphelele. Lawa mandla angalingani athonya i-eksisi Yomhlaba yokuzungezisa, edala umphumela wokuzamazama owengeziwe.
Ngenxa yalokho, Umhlaba wenza umnyakazo wokuya ngapha nangapha, noma ukuguquka, njengoba uzungeza i-eksisi yawo. Lokhu kunyakaza kubonakala ngama-oscillations amancane okwenzeka isikhathi esithile. I-Nutation inesibopho sokuthi i-eksisi yokuzungeza komhlaba ayigxilile ngokuhlobene nezinkanyezi, kodwa iveza ukuhluka okuncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imbangela enkulu yalokhu kunyakaza kwe-nutation amandla adonsela phansi eNyanga kanye neLanga Emhlabeni. Lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini zisebenzisa amandla akhangayo abangela ukunyakazisa ukujikeleza kweplanethi. Ukwengeza, ezinye izici ezifana nokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kobunzima bomhlaba kanye nokwehluka kwesakhiwo sawo sangaphakathi nakho kunomthelela entweni ye-nutation.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho nutation kuwukunyakaza okuncane kakhulu futhi okunzima ukukubona ngokuqondile. Nokho, ukuba khona kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni efana nesayensi yezinkanyezi kanye ne-geodesy, njengoba ithonya ukunemba kwezibalo ezihlobene nendawo nokuma kwezinkanyezi zasemkhathini kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi.
Kungani kwenzeka?
I-nutation yenzeka ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi angaphandle akhona phakathi kweNyanga, iLanga kanye noMhlaba kanye neqhubu lenkabazwe, okwenza iplanethi yethu ingabi yindilinga ephelele. Ngakho-ke, isizathu se-nutation sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi indiza eyi-orbital yeNyanga ezungeza uMhlaba ithambekele cishe ngamadigri ayi-5 ngokuphathelene nendiza ezungeza umhlaba ezungeza iLanga.
Indiza ye-orbital yeNyanga ingaphambili ngeminyaka engu-18,6 kuneyoMhlaba. Umthelela weNyanga ku-precession uyahluka phakathi nenkathi efanayo. Ngaphezu kokunyakaza okwaziwa kakhulu koMhlaba, njengokuzungeza nokuhumusha, kunezinye izinhlobo zokunyakaza ezaziwa kancane, njenge-precession kanye ne-nutation. Lena i-Chandler wobble, ukunyakaziswa okuncane ekujikelezeni koMhlaba, okuhlanganisa ingxenye ye-arc yesibili engu-0,7, ehlala izinsuku ezingu-433 kuze kube ngaphambili.
Le nhlangano Yatholwa uchwepheshe wasemkhathini waseMelika uSeth Carlo Chandler ngo-1891., futhi imbangela yayo ayikaziwa. Okunye okucatshangelwayo kusikisela ukuthi kwavela ngenxa yezinguquko ekujikelezeni kwezindimbane zomoya ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka kwe-geophysical ngaphansi kwezingqimba zangaphandle zomhlaba, izinguquko ekugxilweni kukasawoti olwandle, njll.).
Ukubaluleka kokunyakaza kwe-nutation
Ukunyakaza kwe-nutation kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wesayensi yezinkanyezi ngenxa yethonya layo ekunembeni kwezibalo zezinkanyezi kanye nokunqunywa okunembile kwendawo kanye nokuma kwezinkanyezi zasemkhathini. Okulandelayo, sizobona ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani i-nutation ibalulekile kulo mkhakha:
- Ukuqala kwe-equinox: I-nutation ingenye yezinto ezinomthelela ekwandulweni kwe-equinox. Lokhu kulandelwa kuwushintsho olunensayo endaweni yamaphoyinti e-equinox kanye ne-solstice esikhathini eside kakhulu. I-nutation ishintsha isivinini nesiqondiso salolu shintsho, oluthonya ukuzimisela okunembile kwezixhumanisi zasezulwini nesikhathi.
- Ukunqunywa kokunyakaza okufanele kwezinkanyezi: Ukunyakaza kwe-nutation kuthinta indawo ebonakalayo yezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi kumelwe zikucabangele lokhu kunyakaza ukuze zibale futhi zilungise ukunyakaza okufanele kwezinkanyezi, okungukuthi, ukunyakaza kwazo kwangempela emkhathini ngokuhlobene nesimiso sonozungezilanga.
- Izixhumanisi ze-Astronomical: Izixhumanisi zasezulwini, njengokwenyuka kwesokudla kanye nokwehla, zisetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto zasezulwini esibhakabhakeni. I-nutation ingethula ukuhluka okuncane kulawa ma-coordinates, okudinga ukulungiswa okuhle kwezilinganiso nezibalo ezinembe kakhudlwana.
- ukunqunywa kwesikhathi: I-nutation iphinde ibe nomthelela ekulinganisweni kwesikhathi kusayensi yezinkanyezi. Izimo zezinkanyezi, ezifana nokusitheka kwelanga kanye ne-planetary ephemeris, zisetshenziselwa ukusungula izinkomba zesikhathi. I-nutation ithinta indawo esobala yalezi zenzakalo, idinga ukulungiswa ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile amadethi nezikhathi ezenzeka ngazo.
Ukunyakaza kwangaphambili
Umhlaba awuyona imbulunga ephelele, kodwa uyindilinga emise ngendlela engavamile, echotshozwe ezigxotsheni futhi yakhutshazwa amandla adonsela phansi eLanga, iNyanga kanye, kancane, namaplanethi. Lokhu kubangela ukuntengantenga okuncane kakhulu kweplanethi phakathi nokunyakaza kwayo kokuhumusha, okubizwa ngokuthi i-precession, ngokuphambene nokujikeleza kwayo, okungukuthi, ukubuyela emuva (ngokwewashi).
Ngaphansi kwethonya lala mandla akhangayo, i-eksisi ichaza ikhoni ephindwe kabili enokuvulwa okungu-47°, i-vertex yayo imaphakathi noMhlaba. Ukuma kwezigxobo zasezulwini kuye kwashintsha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yokulandelana kwama-equinoxes. Njengamanje i-Polaris ayihambisani ncamashi neNorth Celestial Pole. Amanye amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga nawo abonisa lokhu kuziphatha.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokunyakaza kwe-nutation kanye nezici zayo.