Kusukela kuqala ukusebenza kwe- Isivumelwano SaseParis, osopolitiki emazweni amaningi omhlaba bazibophezele ekunqandeni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa okubandakanya i-CO2. Umnotho womhlaba ukhombisile ukuthi ungakhula ngaphandle kokukhipha amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa, kusukela ekukhishweni komhlaba uhlale uzinzile kancane noma kancane iminyaka emithathu ilandelana .
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abacishe babe yikhulu basebenze ukushicilela ucwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi ukuqhuma kwe-methane (enye igesi ebamba ukushisa) emkhathini wethu isabisa ngokucekela phansi konke okwenziwayo ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Igesi leMethane
IMethane, kanye ne-CO2 ne-nitrogen oxide, ingenye yamagesi abamba ukushisa amakhulu. Yize i-carbon dioxide ikhona icala le-80% yokushisa komhlaba, imethane ibamba ukushisa okuphindwe ka-28. Njengamanje, njengamanje, ukugxila kwayo emoyeni kuncane kakhulu kunokwe-CO2. Ngenkathi i-CO2 idluliwe Izingxenye ezingama-400 ngesigidi, i-methane ifinyelele ku-1.834 kepha kuzo zonke izigidigidi.
Embikweni oshicilelwe ku-methane, kutholakala ukuthi eminyakeni lapho ukukhishwa kwe-methane bekuzinze khona, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule zaqala ukukhula futhi futhi azikaze zikwenze lokho kuze kube manje. Phakathi kuka-2006 no-2015 ukugxila kwayo okwandayo emkhathini lenyuke izikhathi ezingama-20. Inani eliningi le-methane likhishelwe emkhathini ukuthi umjikelezo wokususwa kwegesi yemvelo awunaso isikhathi sokuwufaka futhi awukwazi ukuwumunca.
Ukusimama esibe nakho eminyakeni emithathu edlule yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuhluke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwakamuva nokushesha kwe-methane. Ocwaningweni olwenziwe, babalelwa ku-90 abacwaningi abavela ezikhungweni ezingama-50. Kungumlando obanzi kakhulu kuze kube manje ukuthi ingakanani imethane esemkhathini, ukuthi isuswa malini kulo mjikelezo unyaka nonyaka, futhi lapho kuvela khona konke ukukhishwa kwaleli gesi elibamba ukushisa.
Nciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane
Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kubhekele ingxenye yesithathu yokukhishwa kwemethane yabantu. Isivumelwano saseParis sizama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngokuya ngentuthuko yezwe ngalinye. Noma kunjalo, i-methane ayixoxwa futhi ingenye yezinkinga ezinkulu Njengoba, ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, singazama ukungafinyeleli ekukhuphukeni kwezinga le-2 emazingeni okushisa aphakathi komhlaba, kepha, kulokhu, sinegesi ye-methane, ebamba ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu kune-CO2.
Uma ukuhlushwa kwaleli gesi emoyeni idlula i-1.900 ppb, ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuzoncishiswa ngumphumela onamandla wokushisa okushisayo we-CH4. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwamanje ku-1.834.
Ivelaphi igesi yemethane engaka?
Ukuze sigweme ukukhuphuka kwamazinga amabili okushisa komhlaba, akudingeki nje kuphela ukuthi sinciphise ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, kepha futhi nokukhishwa kwe-methane. Kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-558 we-methane akhishwa unyaka nonyaka, Ama-60,8% angenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kanti amanye asuka kwimvelo (amaxhaphozi, umuhlwa, i-geological methane ...) Ingxenye yesithathu yokukhishwa kwe-anthropic ivela emfuyweni futhi, ikakhulukazi, ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kwezinkomo eziyizigidi ezingama-2.500 9 ukuthi, kufaka phakathi izinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi, ezondla uhhafu wesintu. Futhi izigidi zabantu zincike elayisi ukuze ziphile. Izinkambu zelayisi zinesibopho sokunye u-XNUMX% we-methane ofinyelela emkhathini unyaka nonyaka.
Kuneminye imithombo yemvelaphi yabantu, njengokulawulwa kwemfucuza noma indle nayo ekhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-methane futhi engancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ukunciphisa ingxenye ekhiqizwayo ekukhiqizweni kokudla kungathinta ukuphepha kokudla nobukhosi ezifundeni eziningi. Eqinisweni, njengoba lolu cwaningo lubonisa, imfuyo nezolimo kungababili balabo ababhekene nokwanda kwamanje kwekhabhoni.
Inkinga yakho konke lokhu amazwe ahluphekayo, angakwazi ukuzixakekisa ngento esivele yaba nzima kubo, njengokuphakela abantu izinsiza zokudla. Yize i-methane isongela ukwenza buthakathaka impi yokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, inkinga ingaphenduka ithuba, ngoba i-methane ihlala kuphela iminyaka eyishumi emkhathini sibonga ubukhona be-oxygen.