Ubuhlakani bukaMars Yindiza enophephela emhlane ehlakaniphile inhloso yayo enkulu ukundiza phezu kweplanethi iMars. Inesisindo esingaba ngu-1.8 kg kuphela, okwenza kube lula nokuhamba kalula. Kodwa-ke, inezimo ezinkulu ezazizoletha intuthuko enkulu ekutholeni indawo yonke.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukusebenza nokubaluleka kwe-Ingenuity Mars.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-helicopter ehlose ukuya kwenye iplanethi. I-Ingenuity Marte iveza ubuchwepheshe obunqenqemeni obenza kube inguquko yokuhlola isikhala. Kwakususelwa kuphrojekthi efuna ukwamukela amandla amasha ngobubanzi obulinganiselwe. Ifaka ama-4 fiber blade ehlelwe ngokukhethekile kuma-rotor amabili ajikeleza ngezikhombisi-ndlela iziphikiso ezizungeze ijubane lama-2.400 XNUMX rpm. Lesi sivinini sishesha kaningi kunendiza enophephela emhlane yabagibeli emhlabeni wethu.
Iphinde ifake amaseli amasha elanga, amabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme, nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Akaphathi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi yesayensi kusukela lapho isivivinyo esehlukile ku-Perseverance of Mars 2020. Yindiza yokuqala ukuzama ukulawulwa kwendiza kwenye iplanethi. Futhi ukuthi indiza enophephela emhlane ye-Ingenuity Mars izokwenza umzamo wokuqala emlandweni wokuqhumisa enye iplanethi.
Ubunzima be-Ingenuity Mars
Okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngendiza enophephela emhlane ukundiza isuke kuyiMars umoya wayo omncane. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthola ilifti eyanele. Futhi ukuthi umkhathi weMars ungaphansi kakhulu ngama-99% kunaleyo yomhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ibe lula, ihambisane ne-rotor enkulu kakhulu futhi engakwazi ukuzungeza ngokushesha kunalokho obekudingeka endizeni enophephela emhlane yalolu hlobo eMhlabeni.
Kumele futhi ngibheke amazinga okushisa emhlabeni. Kujwayelekile impela emazingeni okushisa kwezinye izindawo ezifana okokwehla kokwehla okungenani okungu-130 degrees Fahrenheit okungu -90 degrees Celsius. Yize iqembu le-Ingenuity Mars livume amazinga okushisa afana nalokhu, kukholakala ukuthi kufanele lenze kahle njengoba kuhlosiwe. Amakhaza azodudula imikhawulo yokwakhiwa kwezingxenye eziningi zale ndiza enophephela emhlane.
Futhi, isilawuli sendiza ye-JPL ngeke sikwazi ukulawula i-helicopter ngenduku yokudlala. Ukubambezeleka kwezokuxhumana kuyingxenye yemvelo yokusebenza kokuhamba komkhathi emabangeni aphakathi kwamaplanethi. Ama-oda kufanele athunyelwe kusengaphambili futhi imininingwane yobunjiniyela izobuyiswa isuka esikhumulweni semikhumbi isikhathi eside ngemuva kwendiza ngayinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuhlakani buzoba nokuzimela okuningi ekunqumeni ukuthi ungandiza kanjani uye endaweni yokuhlala futhi ufudumale.
I-Ingenuity Mars isivele ikhombisile ezinye izinto zobunjiniyela. Onjiniyela bakhombisile ukuthi kuyenzeka kwakhiwe indiza elula ekwaziyo ukuphakamisa okwanele kulo mkhathi omncane kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukuphila endaweni efanayo. Bazohlola amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu kuma-simulators athile wesikhala e-JPL. Ithimba lonke lizobala igxathu negxathu lempumelelo ukuze lihlale lisesikhathini ngokutholwa okuzokwenziwa.
Amandla we-Ingenuity Mars
Ososayensi bazokwazi ukugubha impumelelo ngayinye yale divayisi. Futhi ngukuthi ngokusinda kuphela ukwethulwa okuvela eCape Canaveral nokuchitha yonke imikhumbi eya eMars ukufika kuleyo planethi, sekuvele kuyimpumelelo. Uma useplanethi ebomvu, kufanele uzigcine ufudumele ngokuzimela ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu beMartian. Ubuhle balokhu bungakhokhiswa ngokuzimela ngenxa yokuba khona kwephaneli elanga. Uma i-helicopter iphumelela kusukela endizeni yokuqala, ezinye izindiza zokuhlola zizozama ngaphakathi iwindi lezinsuku ezingama-30 zeMartian, ezilingana cishe nezinsuku ezingama-31 Zomhlaba.
Uma lo msebenzi uphumelela, ukuhlola ngokuzayo kweplanethi ebomvu kungabandakanya ubukhulu bezindiza. Kuhloswe ukukhombisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukundiza emkhathini bungakhiwa. Uma kuphumelele, bangavumela ukwakhiwa kwezinye izimoto ezindizayo ezinamarobhothi ezingafakwa ohambweni oluzayo lwerobhothi nolwenziwe ngabantu eMars. Bangaphinde banikele ngephuzu eliyingqayizivele le-vantage elinganikezwanga ama-orbiters anamuhla aphezulu.
Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe, sizokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe ezinencazelo ephezulu nokuqashelwa ukwebiwa kwabantu, okuvumela ukufinyelela ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuma-rovers. Lonke iqembu Uzame konke okusemandleni akhe ukuhlola ubuhlakani kwi-Mars yethu. Ukubaluleka kwakho konke lokhu ukufunda ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kube ngumvuzo omuhle kakhulu futhi ukwazi ukusingatha omunye ubukhulu bendlela esihlola ngayo eminye imihlaba ngokuzayo.
Idatha ethakazelisayo
I-Ingenuity Mars izongena endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Jezero crater, imbobo ebanzi engamakhilomitha angama-45 ebekwe ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu onqenqemeni olusentshonalanga ye-Isidis Planitia, indishi enkulu yomthelela enyakatho ye-equator yaseMartian. Esikhathini esingekude esedlule, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sigodi sasiyindawo enhle. Phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kwezi-3 eyedlule, umfula ugelezela emanzini alingana neLake Tahoe e-United States futhi wafaka inhlabathi egcwele amatshe e-carbonates namaminerali obumba. Ithimba lePerseverance Science likholelwa ukuthi leli delta lasendulo lomfula kungenzeka ukuthi laqoqa futhi lagcina ama-molecule wezinto eziphilayo nezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona zokuphila kwamagciwane.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, ngezinyathelo ezincane, ezikhulayo, onjiniyela be-JPL bakhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bakhe umshini osindayo ongakhiqiza ngokwanele emkhathini omncane we-Mars. Ingaphila futhi endaweni enokhahlo yomhlaba. Uhlobo lokugcina ludinga ukuhlola amakhulu amamodeli akhula ngokuthuthuka ku-JPL space simulator. Uma enye yalezi zinyathelo yehluleka, iphrojekthi izokwehluleka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngobuhlakani beMars, izici zayo nokubaluleka kolwazi lwendawo yonke.