El ntaba denali Sekuyiminyaka yaziwa njengeMount McKinley, kodwa igama layo elisemthethweni, elaziwa nguhulumeni wase-US, yiDenali, eyanikezwa abantu bendawo base-Athabasca kudala. Akungabazeki ukuthi iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika futhi iwukuphela kwentaba ezwenikazi elinokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6.000. Futhi iyintaba yesithathu egqame kakhulu futhi iyintaba yesithathu eqhelile ngemva kwe-Aconcagua ne-Everest. Ngolunye usuku ngo-1794, itilosi uGeorge Vancouver walibona okokuqala lisuka eCook’s Bay, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngo-1901 lapho azama khona ukukhuphuka.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngeNtaba iDenali, izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
IDenali noma iMcKinley iyingxenye ye-Alaska Range, ingxenye yePacific Ring of Fire. Itholakala ikakhulukazi eduze nenkaba ye-Denali National Park and Preserve, eduze neningizimu-maphakathi ne-Alaska kanye ne-Denali Fault. Iqukethe indawo enkulu ye-granite ende futhi ineziqongo ezimbili ezinkulu ezihlala zimbozwe yiqhwa:
- INorth Peak. Ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njengesiqongo esisodwa.
- I-South Peak. Mude kulaba ababili.
Yonke ingxenye engenhla yentaba imbozwe ungqimba lweqhwa nezinguzunga zeqhwa eziningana. Iqhwa lidla izinguzunga zeqhwa ezingu-5 emithambekeni: I-Muldrow Glacier, i-Ruth Glacier, i-Kahiltna Glacier, i-Peters Glacier ne-Traleika Glacier.
Intaba ingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6.190 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Nakuba amazinga okushisa emithambekeni evumela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuba zikhule, amazinga okushisa ezindaweni eziphakeme aphakeme. Ebusika bangafinyelela -70,5 ºC. Imimoya ingaba namandla; Izivakashi ezifinyelela ku-241 km/h zarekhodwa phakathi nesiphepho.
Ukwakhiwa kweNtaba iDenali
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-60-65 edlule, Phakathi nenkathi yomsebenzi ophezulu we-geological obonakala ngokuhamba njalo kwamapuleti e-tectonic oMhlaba, iNtaba iDenali yaqala ukwakheka. Izintaba zona ziwumphumela wokuqhekeka koqweqwe lomhlaba - iDenali Fault. Njengoba izingcwecwe zazinyakaza, ucwephe lwasePacific lwaluseduze kakhulu nocwecwe lwaseNyakatho Melika kangangokuthi lwacwila ngenxa yomehluko wokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, nezinye izici phakathi kwalokhu kokubili.
Ngamanye amazwi, iNtaba iDenali iwumphumela we-Pacific plate subducting ngaphansi kwepuleti yaseNyakatho Melika, futhi phakathi nenqubo yokunciphisa, ubuso be-Alaska baqala ukugoba nokugoqa, kudala ukuphakama okuningi okwakha izintaba zase-Alaska.
Ngokusho kwe-US National Park Service (NPS), iNtaba iDenali "yazalwa" cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-56 edlule lapho i-magma encibilikisiwe iqina ngaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba; nokho, naphezu kokubandakanyeka kwe-magma ekwakhekeni kwayo, yayingeyona intaba-mlilo. Ezigidini zeminyaka, intaba ikhuphuke ngenxa yokucindezela phakathi kwamapuleti e-tectonic, kodwa ubuso bayo bubuye buguguleke. Intaba iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-1 mm ngonyaka.
Izitshalo nezilwane zaseMount Denali
I-Mount Denali iyikhaya lezinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo okungenani ezingama-650 kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-ferns, isikhunta, ulwelwe kanye nolele. Nakuba amahlathi e-coniferous, ama-tundra, imifula enoqhwa, ngisho nezikhukhula zingabonakala emithambekeni nasezigodini, izinga lokushisa eliphansi nokuphakama kwalo kuvimbela noma yini ngaphandle kwezimila ezinokhuni nezitshalo eziphansi ekukhuleni ezifundeni ezingenhla. Leli paki linamahlathi e-spruce amhlophe (Picea glauca) kanye ne-birch (Betula papyrifera) futhi linesimo sezulu esingaphansi kwe-subarctic.
Izilwane zasendle kule ndawo zihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-167, izinhlobo eziyi-10 zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo ezingama-39 zezilwane ezincelisayo, kanye ne-amphibian eyodwa.. Ezinye zezakhamuzi zaleli paki izimpungushe ezibomvu ( Vulpes vulpes ), izingwejeje ezibomvu ( Sciurus vulgaris ), amabhere amnyama ( Ursus americanus ), amabhere ansundu ( Ursus arctos ), ama-coyotes ( Canis latrans ), ama-wolverines ( Gulo gulo ), ama-marmots ( Marmota monax ), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), grey jay kanye ne-capercaillie (Lagopus lagopus).
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukubuka kweMount McKinley yasedolobheni lase-Talkeetna kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela ngobukhulu bayo kanye nokuba khona kwayo okukodwa. Ingenye yezindawo eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kuphela emhlabeni ezitholakala ngaphezu kwama-43º enyakatho nenkabazwe, okunye kuphakathi kuka-43º enyakatho kanye no-32º eningizimu.
Isikhathi esifanele sokubhekana nenselelo yokuqwala iMcKinley Massif sinqunyelwe isikhathi esifushane phakathi kokuqala kukaMeyi nokuphela kukaJuni, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho izimo zezulu zivuma futhi ubusika buphansi kakhulu ngenxa amazinga okushisa aphezulu. futhi ngokuvamile ama-avalanche amakhulu ehlobo.
Ngokwezinye izilinganiso ze-barometric, ingcindezi yomoya esiqongweni seNtaba iMcKinley iseduze nezingxenye ezingu-7 ngenkulungwane. Ukuba seduze kwayo ne-Arctic Circle nokuphakama kwayo okukhulu kuyenza ibe enye yezintaba ezibanda kakhulu eMhlabeni. Iziqongo zeDenali zicishe zibe ngamamitha angu-2000 ukuphakama (ezivelele) kuneziqongo ezizungezile, ngakho-ke iziphepho ezinkulu nezishingishane zingaba nzima kakhulu esimweni sezulu esibi.
Umlando othile
Nakuba abantu bendawo base beyazi kakade, bayibiza ngokuthi iDenali, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, abelungu bokuqala ababona le ntaba ebabazekayo kwakungabahloli begolide. Bemangazwe ukubukeka kwayo okuhlaba umxhwele, ngokushesha bahlela uhambo lokuya esicongweni.
Ngemva kwemizamo emibili ehlulekile yokufinyelela esicongweni, uDkt. Frederick A. Cook wanquma ukwenza umzamo wokugcina ngo-August 1906, ephelezelwa umsizi wendawo kuphela.
Lapho ebuya, wenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ufinyelele phezulu, wathola ukunconywa okukhulu ngabaqwali. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwencwadi ethi Reaching the Top of the Continent, elandisa ngokwenzekile, okuhlanganisa nezithombe zaleyo ngqungquthela okuthiwa ingqungquthela, abahloli bamazwe abaningana ababemphelezele lapho ezama okokuqala bathi bazi kahle ukuthi izithombe zithathwephi. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni bahlele uhambo ngo-1910 ukuze baphikise lokho okushiwo udokotela.
Ngokulandela umzila awuchaze, bafinyelele kulokho abakholelwa ukuthi isiphetho sendaba yangempela futhi bathatha izithombe ezifanayo nalezo ezifakwe nguCook. Ayeqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-30 ukusuka esiqongweni sentaba. Khonamanjalo, iqeqebana labaqwala izintaba elalisuka eningizimu liya esiqongweni labuya linesiqiniseko sokuthi selifikile, futhi ukuze lifakazele lokho, lashiya isigxobo esingamamitha angu-4 elaliphakamisele phezulu ifulegi.
Ngo-1912, uBrown noParker, ngosizo lwendoda yesithathu uMerle LeVoy, bahlela umkhankaso wokulwa noDokotela ukuze bazame futhi. Ngemva kokukhuphuka kanzima nesimo sezulu esibi, banquma ukubuyela ekamu lapho sebecishe bafike phezulu. Phakathi kwamashwa amaningi abahlangabezane nawo endleleni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bathi behla entabeni bezwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kakhulu okwaziwayo, okuhambisana nokuqhuma kweNtaba iKatmai. Zonke iziqongo ezinkulu zeqhwa okwakudingeka bazikhuphuke, aphenduka amaqhwa asakazeke eqhweni.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeNtaba iDenali nezici zayo.