Ubukhulu boMkhathi bunikeza inselele cishe engenakunqobeka emcabangweni womuntu. Ngisho nokuzama ukuqonda amabanga phakathi kwamaplanethi kuSolar System yethu kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ubunkimbinkimbi bukhula nakakhulu lapho sihlaziya imithala. Kuthiwa kunezigidi zemithala, kodwa akwaziwa kahle ngempela mingaki imithala ekhona endaweni yonke.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi mingaki imithala endaweni yonke, ukuthi ibalwa kanjani nokunye okuningi.
Ukufunda ngemithala
Ososayensi banikele ucwaningo lwabo ocwaningweni lwemithala ukuze baqonde ukwakheka kanye nengqikithi yalokho okuhlala ngale kwemingcele yoMhlaba. Nakuba ukuthola inani eliqondile lemithala endaweni yonke kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, abacwaningi baye bakwazi ukuthola impendulo kuze kube manje. Inani lemithala ekhona eMhlabeni ngumbuzo onempendulo eyaziwayo. Ngokolwazi lwamanje, Inani elilinganiselwe lemithala eyaziwayo lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-2.
Ngokwe-Canadian Space Agency (CSA), isikhathi esiseduze kakhulu esisifinyelele ekuphenduleni umbuzo wokuthi mingaki imithala eyaziwayo ekhona endaweni yonke ebonakalayo eyaqala ngo-1995. Lona kwakuwunyaka iHubble Space Telescope eyathwebula ngawo izithombe zesibhakabhaka ezashintsha ngokuphelele indawo yethu. ukuqonda umkhathi.
Izinsuku eziyi-10, isibonakude sasigxile endaweni ngokusobala indawo eyihlane eduze kweBig Dipper. Lapho sihlolisisa, isithombe sembula izinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 ze-cosmic. Iningi lalezi zinhlaka bekuyimithala, ekhombisa ukuhlukahluka komumo, ubukhulu kanye nemibala, futhi ngayinye yayisezingeni elihlukile emjikelezweni wayo wokuphila, ngokusho kwe-CSA.
Njengomphumela wokutholwa kokuqala, kwavela amaphrojekthi afisa ukuvelela ayehlose ukwandisa umkhakha wokubuka owatholwa maphakathi nawo-90s yiHubble Space Telescope. Kuze kube manje, i-CSA iphawula ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi zithole imithala eyaziwayo engaba ibhiliyoni eyodwa eMhlabeni.
Mingaki imithala ekhona endaweni yonke
Njengasemiphakathini yabantu, ukubala izinkanyezi kulula uma ziqoqwe ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Lezi zindawo zezinkanyezi zibizwa ngokuthi imithala, kodwa ngokungafani nezindawo ezihlala abantu, ziyizindawo eziwudedangendlale zesikhala ezinenani elikhulu lezinkanyezi. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo lezi zifunda zezinkanyezi kudinga izikhala zokucabanga ezinobukhulu obukhulu.
Ukuze sifanekise leli phuzu, singahlola owethu umthala: i-Milky Way, ehlukaniswa njengomthala ozungezayo. I-disk eyakha umthala wethu inobubanzi obungaba iminyaka yokukhanya eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, nogqinsi lweminyaka yokukhanya eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukunqamula i-disk ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye kuzothatha iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, kucatshangwa ukuthi ungahamba ngesivinini sokukhanya, okungenakwenzeka. Izinkanyezi zihambahamba emithaleni futhi inkaba yalezi zakhiwo kukholakala ukuthi iqukethe imbobo emnyama ekhiqiza amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi ukuze ibambe izinkanyezi ndawonye. Isithombe sokuqala somgodi omnyama osenkabeni yomthala wethu, i-Milky Way, sisanda kuthwetshulwa.
Ngokwe-Space.com, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umthala ovamile, ofana nowethu, uqukethe okungenani izinkanyezi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, kodwa inani lingaba phezulu lifinyelele ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu inani nje lezinkanyezi ezitholakala phakathi komthala wethu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kunenani elifanayo lezinkanyezi ezikhona kweminye imithala endaweni yonke.
Kuphakama umbuzo olandelayo: iyini ingqikithi yemithala ekhona endaweni yonke?
Ngo-2016, iHubble Space Telescope yaqoqa idatha ebonisa ukuba khona kwemithala ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Lesi sibalo silingana nezigidigidi ezimbili, njengoba amaNgisi angasiveza. Uma kubhekwa inani elilinganiselwe lezinkanyezi emthaleni ngamunye, kungaphethwa ngokuthi kunenani elingaqondakali lezinkanyezi endaweni yonke. Ukuze ube neqiniso, Kukhona izinkanyezi ezingu-200.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 endaweni yonke, okungabuye kuvezwe njengama-sextillions angamakhulu amabili ku-English dating.
Isibalo okukhulunywa ngaso sikhulu kakhulu kunezinhlamvu zesihlabathi ezitholakala kuwo wonke amabhishi aseMhlabeni, okulinganiselwa ukuthi zilinganiselwa ku-7,5 sextillion izinhlamvu.
Uzibala kanjani izinkanyezi
Indlela esetshenziswayo ukubala izinkanyezi ingumbuzo ojwayelekile. Ukuze ziphendule lo mbuzo, izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukuze zithole futhi zirekhode ukukhanya okukhishwa yizindikimba zasemkhathini. Idatha eqoqwe kule nqubo ibe isihlaziywa ukuze kutholwe inani lezinkanyezi ezikhona endaweni ethile yendawo.
Umphumela we-Doppler uyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nebanga nenqwaba yezinkanyezi. Ukukhanya okukhishwa imithala kungahlukaniswa kube i-spectrum, efana nendlela ukukhanya kwelanga okuvela ngayo lapho umkhathi woMhlaba ukuhlakaza kube imibala yothingo.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwemithala liyakhula njengoba umkhathi ukhula, into edala ukuthi imithala esuka kude nathi ingene 'kwi-redshift'. Lokhu kushintsha okubomvu kubonakala ngokuncipha kwemvamisa ye-spectrum lapho ukukhanya okukhishwa imithala kubola khona, futhi kusebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi itholakala ebangeni elikhulu kunathi.
Ngokuhlola ukukhanya kwemithala, kungenzeka ukulinganisa ingqikithi yokwakheka kwayo futhi kunqunywe iphesenti lezinkanyezi ezakha lobo bunzima.
Futhi mangaki amaplanethi?
Ukubona amaplanethi kuwumsebenzi oyinselele kakhulu kunokuhlonza izinkanyezi noma imithala ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo okuphansi. Kusukela ngo-1995, Umphakathi wesayensi uthole ama-exoplanet angama-5.000 kuphela, angama-55 kuphela ahlala endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo inkanyezi yawo.
Ukuthola amaplanethi kungaba umsebenzi onzima, njengoba evame ukungabonakali ngeso lenyama. Kodwa-ke, enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kule njongo i-spectrography, ehlanganisa ukuhlola "isithunzi" esifakwe yiplanethi njengoba sihamba phakathi kwenkanyezi yayo.
Ngokuhlaziya ukukhanya okuvela ezinkanyezini okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, abacwaningi bangakwazi ukubona okungaqondakali okubonisa ukuba khona kwamaplanethi azungezayo. Ngokulingisa ikhompyutha, isazi sezinkanyezi u-Erik Zackrisson ibala ukuthi kungenzeka kube namaplanethi angama-quintillion angama-70 endaweni yonke, isibalo esimangalisayo esimelelwa yisikhombisa elandelwa ngoziro abangamashumi amabili.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngokuthi mingaki imithala endaweni yonke nokuthi ibalwa kanjani.