Umuntu akadinwa ukufuna impilo kwenye iplanethi kuhlelo lwethu lwelanga nasemkhathini. IMars yiplanethi ekade ikhona futhi ezohlala iyinjongo yokucinga iplanethi abazohlala kuyo. Futhi kungalindeleka lapho lokho esikubiza ngokuthi iplanethi ebomvu kwagcwala imifula nezilwandle. Njengamanje sinerobhothi elibiziwe Ukubekezela kweMars eliphethe ukukhipha imininingwane eplanethi ngokuphelele.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngokubekezela kweMars nezici zayo.
Hlola iplanethi iMars
Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yokuhlola isinikeze ukubuka okuningiliziwe kokuvela kwendawo yaseMartian eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.500 edlule, kepha izimfihlakalo zayo eziningi azikaqondakali. Kule datha, siyabona intshisekelo yabantu kwiplanethi ebomvu. Imishini emithathu ethunyelwe amazwe amathathu iqondana ngqo nomhlaba obomvu kule nyanga: iChina, i-United Arab Emirates ne-United States. I-space agency yakho yakhe uhlobo olusha lwendiza ye-scout ebizwa nge-Mars perserverance. Uzobe ephethe ukuthola izimpawu zempilo edlule emhlabathini waseMartian.
IRover yethulwa ngoJulayi 2020 futhi ihlose ukundiza ngaphezulu komhlaba okungenani unyaka owodwa weMars, okulingana cishe nezinsuku ezingama-687 zomhlaba. Inesistimu yekhompyutha enamandla wokucubungula idatha.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinsimbi, amadivayisi amabili azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunqubo yokufuna izimpawu zokuphila esikhathini esedlule: lokho okubizwa nge-SHERLOC kuzophatha ukuthola amaminerali nezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi kaPIXL ukwenza imephu ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amadwala neziduli. Lawa mathuluzi amabili azohlaziya le misebenzi kanye nezinga elikhulu lemininingwane kunanoma iyiphi iMars Rover kuze kube manje.
Ukubekezela kweMars
Imoto izobuka ubuso beplanethi ebomvu ifune amasampula edwala kusuka emgodini wentabavu enobubanzi bamakhilomitha angama-45. Le crater itholakala eJezero, i-hemisphere esenyakatho ne-Mars, yakhiwa eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule kanti kukholakala ukuthi iqukethe ichibi. Ukukalwa nokuqoqwa kwamasampula kuzosiza ekuhloleni izimfihlakalo zesakhiwo sendawo yokwakheka komhlaba futhi kubhekwe ukuthi ngabe ungqimba lwayo lwentwala lungaqukatha izinsalela ezincane zemvelo. Ukuphikelela kukaMars kusebenza ngokubambisana nendiza enophephela emhlane encane ebizwa ngobuhlakani, okuyi kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe lezi zimoto zingandiza yini emkhathini omuhle weMartian.
Enye yezingoma efakwa yile robhothi inombolo enkulu yamakhamera angathola ikhwalithi yesithombe ebusweni beMars. Kunamakhamera amaningi kakhulu kunalawo asetshenziswe kunoma iyiphi enye inhloso yeplanethi. Ngokuqondile, sithole amakhamera ayi-19 atholakala emotweni uqobo namanye ama-4 ezingxenyeni zamamojula wokwehla nokwehla. Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukuthatha izinkundla ezahlukahlukene lapho zifika futhi ziyizithombe ezingacutshungulwa ukukhulisa ikhwalithi yazo.
Amakhamera abizwa nge-Mastcam-Z ayakwazi ukusondeza kuma-rock textures aze afike enkundleni yebhola likanobhutshuzwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inamakhamera weSuperCam lawo bangasebenzisa i-laser ethinta izinsalela zamadwala nama-regoliths. Lezi izingqimba zamatshe engadi yezithelo nezicucu zamaminerali ezitholakala ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu. Inhloso enkulu yalawa makamelo ukutadisha ukwakheka komphumela ovelayo. I-radar eyakhelwe ngaphakathi isebenzisa amagagasi ukuze ikwazi ukuhlola izici zomhlaba ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Ukufika kokubekezela kweMars
Ukufika kokubekezela kweMars kungaba namaphutha amaningi. Futhi ukuthi ukuphuma kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-6 kuzofinyelela umvuthwandaba, yize imizuzu engu-7 yokugcina iyimqoka. Amagumbi ahambisana nengxenye yokugcina yohambo futhi ahambisana nokufika kwawo. Irobhothi likhiphe isexwayiso somsakazo lapho lingena emkhathini omncane we-Mars. Inkinga ibanga elisuka kwiplanethi liye emhlabeni. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi lapho isignali ifinyelela elabhorethri etholakala e- ILos Angeles, isiphetho serobhothi sesivele senziwe.
I-rover yathatha isikhathi esincane ukwehla ukusuka emkhathini we-Mars yeza ebusweni beplanethi. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi isignali ifike emhlabathini futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe kube imizuzu eyi-11. Lesi sikhathi sesikhathi cishe imizuzu engu-7 futhi Kuyaziwa ngonjiniyela njenge- "7 minutes of terror". Yikho okwenza umehluko phakathi kokuphumelela noma ukwehluleka kwemishini yokuhlola eplanethi iMars.
IRover ayigcinanga ngokuqoqa izithombe ezihlaba umxhwele namasampula edwala enhlabathini yaseMartian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izofaka irekhodi elingakaze liqoshwe: umsindo orekhodwe ebusweni beMars.
Umsindo weplanethi ebomvu
Ukubekezela kweMars kuhlanganisa imakrofoni ezoletha imisindo ehlukile, kufaka phakathi izikhathi zokufika kanye nomsebenzi wokucwaninga ngamarobhothi.
Kodwa-ke, ngoba ubukhulu bomkhathi womkhathi we-Martian buphakeme ngo-1% kuphela kunalowo womkhathi womhlaba, futhi ukwakheka kwehlukile kumkhathi wethu, kuthinta ukukhishwa nokusakazwa komsindo, ngakho-ke kuzwakala kwehlukile kunomsindo iplanethi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile emlandweni wokuhlola indawo yonke ukwazi umsindo wale planethi. Kutholakale impela lapho ukubekezela kweMars kwakwazi ukukhombisa umsindo wale planethi.
Yonke inqubo yokwehla izenzekelayo, futhi njengoba ukuxhumana noMhlaba kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kweyi-11, irobhothi bekufanele lizivikele ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Umkhumbi irobhothi okulo unomsila onamathele kanti ngezansi kuvalwe isivikelo sokushisa. Izinga lokushisa ebusweni bangaphandle behawu lingafinyelela cishe kuma-1300 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme womabili womkhathi nomoya weplanethi ebomvu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuthuthuka kwesayensi akunikezi imininingwane enhle mayelana namaplanethi wesistimu elanga. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuphikelela kweMars nezimpawu zayo.