Njengoba sazi, ezimeni zezulu izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafu zisetshenziselwa ukwazi ezinye izibikezelo zezulu ngenxa yesikhathi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamafu lunenkomba yalo nomthombo wokwakheka kwalo. Elinye lamafu amise okwedlula zonke yi mammatus amafu. Luhlobo oluthile olungajwayelekile lokwakheka kwamafu okungashiyi noma ngubani ongenandaba. Bobabili abayizimfundamakhwela nabachwepheshe bemeteorology banake futhi bathathe izithombe zokwakheka okungajwayelekile amafu ama-mammatus anakho.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ngemvelaphi, izici nokubikezela kwamafu mammatus.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kulokhu akulona uhlobo lwamafu, kepha izici zayo ezingenzeka ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kunabantu abaningi abamangazwa ukwakheka okuyinqaba nokuhle kwamafu la. Bobabili abayizimfundamakhwela nabachwepheshe bemeteorology balunaka kakhulu lolu hlobo lwamafu abukeka njengamamomori kwesinye isikhathi avela esibhakabhakeni. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu zamafu mammatus ngesomfanekiso wesimo sezulu owabanjwa e-Nebraska yi-NASA ngemuva kokudlula kwesiphepho ngo-2004. Lesi sithombe siba ngesinye sezimpawu ezimele kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwamafu.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwamanje okutholakala kuma-atlas amafu anezizukulwane eziyi-10, izinhlobo eziyi-14 nezinhlobo eziyi-9, ngaphezu kokukhombisa izici ezihlukile zokungezelela, ngamafu ezilo Futhi akuyona uhlobo lwefu kepha indlela yokwethula isisekelo sezinhlobo eziningi ngohlobo olulodwa. Zonke izinhlobo ezithintekayo yilezi ezilandelayo: cumulonimbus, altocumulus, altoestratus, cirrus, cirrocumulus, ne-stratocumulus. Zonke zingayamukela le ndlela eyingqayizivele equkethe ukulenga okulengisiwe njengamasaka amakhulu noma amancane alenga esibhakabhakeni. Abaningi bayihlobanisa nesilwane esincelisayo sezilwane ezincelisayo, yingakho igama laso.
Ama-mammatus amafu akha kanjani
Sizobona ukuthi hlobo luni lokwakheka olunalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo zomkhathi. Ezikhathini eziningi, zivela ezindaweni ezisasele zeziphepho ezivuthiwe, okusho ukuthi basuka kumqapheli engxenyeni yakhe esebenza kakhulu. Izindawo eziningi ezihambelana namabele zingabonakala ngaphakathi kwamafu entuthuko. Imvamisa lawa mafu afinyelela entuthukweni enkulu mpo enesakhiwo esijwayelekile esime njenge-anvil.
Kusezindaweni ezikude kakhulu nengxenye esebenzayo yefu, okuyiyona enemisinga enamandla eya phezulu, lapho imisinga yomoya eyehla ivame ukuvela khona. Kungezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani kuveza ukwakheka kwala mabele neziteleka zalokhu kwakhiwa kwamafu.
Esibhakabhakeni sonke sinamafu angajwayelekile anokwakheka okungenamqondo futhi esabisa kaningi. Amafu eMammatus anamaqhuqhuva angenamkhawulo akha ngenxa ye- ekushayaneni kwezinto eziphansi eziqondile mpo zomoya. Akuwona amafu ngokwawo angakha futhi abe uhlobo oluhlukaniswe ngokuhlukile, kepha kunalokho angakhiwa kumafu ashiwo ngenhla. Noma nini lapho kune-downdraft eyichoboza ngokuqhamuka kokwakheka kwayo kwemvelo, indawo engezansi izophumela ekilasini lezigaxa noma amabele anikeza leli fu lokwakheka igama igama lalo.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu neziteleka kakhulu kwenzeka lapho kwenziwa i-downdraft efwini eliphakathi le-cumulonimbus. Lawa mafu avame ukwakheka njenge-anvil futhi yiwona akhiqiza ama-mammatus amangalisa kakhulu. Futhi kungukuthi kusukela ezansi kwefu baqala ukulengisa izigaxa ezibabazekayo ezifanele ukubonwa.
Izimo zemvelo zamafu mammatus
Sizobona ukuthi izimo zemvelo ezidingekayo zizoba yini lapho kwakhiwa amafu ama-mammatus. Komsuka wakudala kakhulu ovela ohlotsheni oludlulisayo. Onke amafu akha lapho umoya ofudumele ongaqinile kakhulu kunomoya obandayo uvame ukukhuphuka. Lo moya ukhuphuka sengathi ibhamuza lomoya elivela emanzini. Ngalesi sizathu, umoya oshisayo ogcwele umhwamuko wamanzi ugcina usuyancipha lapho ungena kwezinye izingqimba zomoya obandayo futhi izinga lokushisa lehla phezulu. Le yindlela ekwazi ngayo ukwakha amaconsi amancane nawo ahambise amandla okushisa endaweni ezungezile ngenxa yokushisa kokubanda okubangela ukuthi inqwaba ithambekele kakhulu njengoba inqubo yokukhuphuka ukuphakama iqhubeka.
Ukushisa okukhishwa lapho kufingqana kufana ncamashi nelanga okwakufanele likufake ukuze liphume kulelo thonsi lamanzi. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokushisa okushonile kokuhwamuka. Isimo esibuhlungu sibaluleke impela futhi sibangela ukuthi izindiza zomoya ezikhuphukayo zifinyelele ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora., ifinyelela ekukhuphukeni kwe-troposphere ibe ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 ukuphakama. Uma kunomoya oqinile ovundlile endaweni ephakeme yamakhilomitha ama-5 noma ayi-10, ifu lizokwakha lize lifike endizeni yomoya obandayo owela ezungeze ukwakheka kwefu, okuholele esimweni se-anvil se-cumulonimbus yefu.
AmaMammatus awavamile futhi ayamangalisa. Kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ngemuva kokuvela kwezimo zomkhathi ezinamandla, njengasezansi kwamafu e-cumulonimbus. Yize zisabeka, azinabungozi.
Imininingwane namabika
Ingxenye yefu elisemthethweni elingaba likhulu kakhulu ngokulingana nendawo lapho umoya uphuma khona. Ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu nokuvuselelwa okuqinile, umoya ugcwele umswakama futhi uqala ukwehla kanye namakristalu amancane aphethwe ngumoya. Ukusuka lapha sithola ukwakheka kwamabele. Isigaxa ngasinye sibonisa okukodwa kwalokhu kwehlela komoya ngaphansi kwefu.
Ngokuqondene nebika, ukuba khona kwalawa mafu akuchazi imvula noma ezinye izinguquko ezinqala esimweni sezulu. Le nto iyakhanga futhi iyamangalisa ikakhulukazi lapho kushona ilanga lapho ilanga elibomvu likhanyisa futhi liqhathanisa wonke amagwegwe ezigaxa.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamafu ama-mammatus nezici zawo.