Luyini ulwandle

Siyazi ukuthi izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zeplanethi yethu zimbozwe amanzi. Inqwaba yamanzi anosawoti ayikhaya lenani elikhulu lezilwane nezitshalo ezakha imvelo ecebe kakhulu zaziwa ngokuthi izilwandle. yenzaLuyini ulwandle Ngempela? Iziphi izici nokubaluleka kwayo?

Kulesi sihloko sizogxila ekuchazeni ukuthi luyini ulwandle, yiziphi izici zalo kanye nokubaluleka kwalo ekuphileni emhlabeni.

Luyini ulwandle

Ulwandle amanzi anosawoti amaningi ahlukanisa amazwekazi amabili noma ngaphezulu.. Lezi zandiso zasemanzini zimboza ingxenye enkulu yeplanethi yethu (71% wobuso bomhlaba) futhi baxhumane, okuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele futhi aqukethe ngaphezu kwama-cubic kilometers amanzi.

Uma kubhekwa lobu bukhulu, kuyaqondakala ukuthi ulwandle luyisici esihlukile somhlaba wethu. Ukuphila kwavela kubo futhi basalondoloza iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezaziwayo, okusho futhi ukuthi bawumthombo wokudla wabantu neminye imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho neyokuzijabulisa.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izilwandle ziye zamthakazelisa futhi zamethusa ngokukhethekile kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, njengoba zakha amafasitela avula amathuba nemingcele eyayimvimbela ukuba ahambe yedwa esuka kwelinye ikona lomhlaba aye kwelinye. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi la manzi amakhulu anendima ebalulekile emijikelezweni yemvelo yoMhlaba, izingozi eziningi zesimo sezulu nezinhlekelele zemvelo zenzeka phezu kwazo, ngokuvamile zenza abantu abasogwini bahambe.

Izilwandle ziyizixuku ezinkulu zamanzi. Inendawo elinganiselwa ku-361.000.000 amakhilomitha-skwele, noma izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zomhlaba wonke.

Isilinganiso sokujula kwawo singamamitha angu-3.900 (okuhlukile okwaziwayo kangcono, njenge-Mariana Trench engamamitha angu-11.034), futhi umthamo wawo ungamakhilomitha-skwele angu-1.300.000.000, noma u-94% wamanzi oMhlaba.

Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Kunezilwandle ezintathu emhlabeni: iPacific Ocean, i-Atlantic Ocean, kanye ne-Indian Ocean, kulandelwa izilwandle ezimbili ezincane: North Pole kanye neSouth Pole.. Amabili okuqala ohlwini ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe oLwandlekazi iPacific kanye neNyakatho noma i-South Atlantic, ngokulandelana. Kulezi, enkulu kunazo zonke iPacific Ocean.

Ulwandle i-Atlantic Ocean luhlukanisa amazwekazi aseYurophu nase-Afrika emazweni aseMelika, kanti uLwandlekazi iPacific luhlukanisa olwakamuva ne-Asia ne-Oceania. I-Indian Ocean, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlukanisa izwekazi lase-Afrika ne-Asia kanye ne-Oceania ngezansi kwe-India.

Ulwandle i-Arctic kanye ne-Antarctic zitholakala eduze nezigxobo zazo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu.

Nakuba amanzi ebonakala eyinto etholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni wethu, asiqiniseki kancane ngomsuka wawo eplanethini yethu ngoba awekho kwamanye amaplanethi njengoba siwazi.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amanzi amancane awuketshezi akhiqizwa lapho uMhlaba uphole ngokwanele ukuze kuvele amanzi awuketshezi, abe esenezelwa yiqhwa elivela emkhathini ngendlela yenkanyezi enomsila evela ebhandeni lesibhakabhaka lesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Amanzi olwandle anosawoti ngoba aqukethe i-sodium eningi eqinile ne-chlorine., eziguqulwa zibe usawoti wetafula (i-sodium chloride). Kodwa-ke, amazinga osawoti ayahlukahluka futhi ezindaweni ezipholile uphansi kakhulu.

Amanzi olwandle nawo aqukethe i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, nezinye izakhi ngezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, uma kubhekwa ubukhulu bayo, zonke izakhi ezaziwayo zingatholakala kuyo. Iqiniso elimangalisayo mayelana namanzi olwandle ukuthi umbala walo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuphambene nalokho umuntu angase akucabange, Akukhona nje kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwesibhakabhaka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, amanzi avame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izinga lokushisa lolwandle namagagasi

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi olwandle liyashintshashintsha, izinga lokushisa lamanzi alo elifudumele ngokuvamile lisukela ku-12 kuya ku-30 ​​degrees Celsius, futhi lingaba ukusuka phezulu liye kumamitha angu-50 noma ngisho namamitha ayi-100 ukushona.

Ngaphansi kwalawa mabanga, uketshezi luhlala phakathi kuka-5 no-1 °C. Ngokusobala, la manani aphezulu emanzini ashisayo naseduze nenkabazwe, futhi aphansi njengoba sisondela ezigxotsheni. Futhi, amanzi olwandle afudumele ehlobo futhi abandayo ebusika.

Amanzi olwandle awalokothi ame, kodwa ahlala enyakaza ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagagasi akhona adalwa ukudonselana kwenyanga nelanga, ngakho ubuso beplanethi obuchayeke enyangeni buzokhombisa ukwanda okukhulu umthamo wamanzi, kuyilapho obala Inani lamanzi ekukhanyeni kwelanga liyancipha kakhulu.

Lokhu kubangela izinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi:

• Amagagasi entwasahlobo. Zenzeka lapho iNyanga isesigabeni esisha noma esigcwele, okungukuthi, uMhlaba, iNyanga kanye neLanga kuhambisana futhi amandla adonsela phansi ezinkanyezi ezimbili ehlangana ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhangwa okukhulu maqondana nomzimba wamanzi.
• amagagasi afile. Zenzeka lapho iNyanga neLanga zisemaphethelweni ahlukene oMhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela kuhoxise ukukhangana kwazo ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlukile. Zenzeka phakathi nezigaba zokukhuphuka nokuwohloka kwenyanga.

Olunye uhlobo lokuhamba kolwandle imisinga yolwandle, ewumkhiqizo wesenzo somoya emanzini, owasusayo futhi uwanyakazise ngomphumela we-Coriolis kanye nokujikeleza koMhlaba. Kuyaziwa imisinga yolwandle ehlukene engama-28, ngayinye exhuma izingxenye ezihlukene zomhlaba ngendlela ephithene.

Izinhlekelele nokungcoliswa kwezilwandle

Amanzi olwandle angaba umthombo wezinhlekelele zemvelo eziningi, konke ngenxa yomthelela wawo esimweni sezulu samaplanethi, njengoba amazinga okushisa ngaphakathi kolwandle eshintsha okubangela izinguquko zengcindezi nokudala izixuku zomoya ezihambayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kubangela iziphepho, iziphepho, iziphepho noma ezinye izingozi zesimo sezulu ezithinta ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zasogwini.

Ngokufanayo, ukuzamazama komhlaba namagagasi kungashintsha ukujwayela kwamanzi futhi kubangele ama-tsunami, angacekela phansi yonke into esendleleni yawo.

Umthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yezimboni zabantu kuma-ecosystem awugonyiwe emthelela wezilwandle. Lena inhlekelele yemvelo lapho sicabangela ukuthi u-70% womoya-mpilo eMhlabeni uvela ku-plankton phezu kolwandle, okusho ukuthi ukuthi ulwandle lumunca inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide futhi luvimbele umphumela we-greenhouse.

Nokho, ukudoba ngokweqile nokungcola kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuye kwanciphisa ukuphila olwandle ngamaphesenti angu-40 kusukela ngo-1950, njengoba izimboni eziningi zilahla imfucumfucu enobuthi olwandle.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kolwandle kuthiwa sekuphelele ngo-20-30%, namazwi ashaqisayo athi uma konke kuqhubeka, izilwane zasolwandle zingashabalala ngobuningi phakathi neminyaka engu-25.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ulwandle luyini kanye nezici zalo.