Imithala ihlanganiswe ngamaqoqo nemicu. Lezi zakhiwo zembula amanethiwekhi esakhiwo axhumene ngaphandle kwemingcele ecacile. Izifunda ezinkulu ezinemithala ephezulu zaziwa ngokuthi amaqoqo amakhulu. Le mithala yakha iGalaxy Izulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi uyini umthala weLaniakea, izici zawo, imvelaphi nokunye okuningi.
Uyini umthala iLaniakea
I-Laniakea igama elinikezwe umthala wethu omkhulu wendawo, isakhiwo esikhulu se-cosmic esiqukethe i-Milky Way, umthala lapho i-Solar System yethu ikhona, nezinkulungwane zeminye imithala eseduze exhumene omunye nomunye ngamandla adonsela phansi. Lesi sifunda esikhulu somkhathi Ibonakala ngobunkimbinkimbi bayo namandla adonsela phansi ahlanganisa izingxenye zayo.
Igama elithi "Laniakea" livela ku-Hawaiian futhi lisho "isibhakabhaka esikhulu" noma "ukunqoba isibhakabhaka." Yaqanjwa izazi zezinkanyezi ngo-2014 ukuchaza ukuqonda kwakamuva kokusatshalaliswa nokuhleleka kwemithala eseduze nowethu.
Ukutholakala kweLaniakea kwembule ukuthi iMilky Way nomakhelwane bayo baqoqwe ngohlobo lwebhamuza noma isifunda esinomthelela ihlanganisa cishe iminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingama-520 ububanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona iwebhu enkulu ye-cosmic yemithala enyakazayo, futhi Iqembu lethu Lendawo liyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yalo.
Ukuba khona kweLaniakea kusivumela ukuba siqonde kangcono ukwakheka komkhathi omkhulu kanye nendlela imithala enqwabelana ngayo ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphinde kugqamise ukuthi inkulu futhi iyindida kangakanani indawo yonke yethu, kusikhumbuza ukuthi siyichashaza nje elincane kulo mkhathi obanzi futhi ongaqondakali wendawo nesikhathi.
Izimpawu, imvelaphi nendawo
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko zeLaniakea, sithola imithala engaba ngu-100.000 XNUMX kuyo, futhi le mithala iqhubekela phakathi kwesakhiwo, okuyi-cosmic futhi iqukethe isisindo esingaba yi-100.000 yezigidigidi zamalanga. Uma siyihlaziya ngokombono womuntu, ubukhulu bayo abucabangeki.
Njengoba nje isimiso sonozungezilanga sisemaphethelweni e-Milky Way, umthala wethu usemaphethelweni eLaniakea, kude nomfula omaphakathi wemithala nalokho izazi zezinkanyezi ezikubiza ngokuthi "umkhangi omkhulu."
Ngaphakathi kweqoqo elikhulu laseLaniakea, ukunyakaza kwemithala kungaphakathi, kuyilapho amanzi elandela indlela eya phansi esigodini, futhi isiheha esikhulu sisebenza njengesigodi esikhulu esiyisicaba esinamandla adonsela phansi esinendilinga yaso ekhangayo edlula phakathi kweqoqo elikhulu laseLaniakea.
Ukutholwa kweLaniakea yenziwe yaba nokwenzeka idatha etholwe yiphrojekthi ye-CosmicFlows-2, eyaveza ukunyakaza kwezinkulungwane zemithala eduze nendawo ekhangayo enkulu. Ngokuhlaziya ukunyakaza okuhlukene okuchazwe umthala ngamunye ohlobene noMhlaba kanye nokukhipha ukunyakaza komthala ngamunye ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yonke, imephu enembe kakhulu enezinhlangothi ezintathu yokusabalalisa ukunyakaza kweminye imithala ehlobene nomhlaba ingatholakala. . . Singathola umthala weLaniakea eduze kweqoqo elikhulu le-Perseus-Pisces. Futhi, kanye namanye amaqoqo amakhulu ayizigidi eziyisithupha acatshangelwayo, angase abe ohlotsheni lwewebhu lapho imithala inqwabelana khona, ishiye izikhala ezinkulu “ezingenalutho” lapho thina bantu singacabangi ukuthi kukhona into ekhona.
Isakhiwo nezinto zeLaniakea
I-Laniakea ihlelwe ngesakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi "udonga", uhlobo lokuhlanganisana kwemithala ehamba phezu kwamabanga amakhulu. Lolu donga, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Laniakea Wall, lungenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo endaweni yonke ebonakalayo futhi Ilinganiselwa ku-500 million light years ngosayizi.
Ngaphakathi kweLaniakea, kunamaqoqo omthala amaningana, okungamaqoqo amakhulu emithala ehlanganiswe amandla adonsela phansi. Elinye lamaqoqo omthala aphawuleka kakhulu yi-"Virgo Cluster," esendaweni engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 ukusuka eMhlabeni. I-Virgo Cluster iyiqoqo lomthala eliseduze kakhulu kithi futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lemithala, kuhlanganise nowethu, i-Milky Way.
Ngaphezu kwe-Virgo Cluster, amanye amaqoqo omthala ayatholakala eLaniakea, njenge-"Hydra-Centaurus Cluster", elinye lamaqoqo amakhulu futhi aseduze kakhulu aziwayo. Lawa maqoqo, kanye namanye amaqembu namaqoqo emithala, ayingxenye ye-cosmic web eyinkimbinkimbi ephawula i-Laniakea.
Amandla adonsela phansi alo mthala omkhulu athonya ukunyakaza nokusabalalisa kwemithala endaweni yawo. Lokhu kuholele ekuhlonzweni kwephuzu elikhethekile ngaphakathi kweLaniakea elaziwa ngokuthi "i-Speculation Point", isifunda lapho imithala eminingi, okuhlanganisa ne-Milky Way, ibonakala sengathi idonswa amandla adonsela phansi.
Kubaluleke kangakanani konke lokhu?
Ukubaluleka kweLaniakea kulele ekutheni imele intuthuko ephawulekayo ekuqondeni kwethu isakhiwo esikhulu somkhathi kanye nendlela imithala esakazwa ngayo futhi ixhunywe komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi. Ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani i-Laniakea ibalulekile yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Isakhiwo se-cosmic: I-Laniakea isikhombisa ukuthi indawo yonke ihlelwe ngokwezigaba zezakhiwo ezinkulu. Imithala ayisakazwa ngokungahleliwe, kodwa ihlanganiswa yaba amaqoqo namaqoqo amakhulu, akha uhlobo lwewebhu ye-cosmic exhumene.
- Umongo we-Galactic: Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kwe-Laniakea, singaqonda kangcono umongo lapho umthala wethu, i-Milky Way, ukhona nokuthi uhlangana kanjani neminye imithala eseduze.
- I-Cosmology: Ucwaningo luka-Laniakea lunikela ku-cosmology, igatsha lesayensi yezinkanyezi eliphathelene nemvelaphi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye nesakhiwo somkhathi.
- amandla adonsela phansi namandla amnyama: Ukubuka nokufunda ukuthi i-Laniakea ikuthinta kanjani ukunyakaza kwemithala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo kungasisiza siqonde kangcono imvelo yamandla adonsela phansi namandla amnyama, amandla amabili angaqondakali athonya ukunwetshwa kwendawo yonke kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kuso sonke isimo sezulu.
- Sesha ezinye izimpucuko: Ukuqonda isakhiwo esikhulu somkhathi nakho kubalulekile ekufuneni ezinye izimpucuko zangaphandle.
- Ugqozi lwesayensi nezemfundo: I-Laniakea isikhumbuza ngobukhulu nobunkimbinkimbi bendawo yonke, okungakhuthaza kokubili ososayensi nabashisekeli besayensi yezinkanyezi ukuthi baqhubeke behlola futhi bavule izimfihlakalo zendawo yonke.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Laniakea nezici zayo.