Uma siya ensimini noma sibona ukukhubazeka endaweni, sikhuluma ngegama elithi impumuzo. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi kuyini ukukhululeka noma yiziphi izindawo okufanele zisetshenziswe ukuthi isetshenziselwani ku-geology. Impumuzo iyinto edingeka kakhulu empilweni yomuntu futhi isayensi ye-geology ifunda ukukhululeka ezimweni eziningi.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kuyini ukukhululeka, yiziphi izici zako kanye nokubaluleka okunakho kumuntu.
kuyini ukukhululeka
Ukukhululeka kuwukuthungwa okuvelele kwendawo enokuhlukahluka okuhlukile. Izici zokuma kwezindawo eziphawuleka kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba izintaba, amathafa namathafa.
Ukusiza kuphinde kufane nezingozi zendawo. Lezi zehlakalo zithatha isimo sokungalungi kanye nokungahlangani kahle kwemvelo yasemhlabeni noma yasemanzini, ehlinzeka ngokuguqulwa ezindaweni ezithile futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ukuthungwa.
Ama-reliefs abalulekile ocwaningweni lwesimo sezulu, izitshalo nezilwane. Ukubukeka kwabo phansi kungase kube ngenxa yezinqubo zangaphakathi Zomhlaba, ukuziphatha kwemvelo noma ukungenelela komuntu. Ezinye izici zendawo, njenge izintaba, izigodi, amagquma namathafa, ingachazwa ngezinto ezinjengokuguguleka komhlabathi isikhathi eside, amandla adonsela phansi kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngokunjalo, igama elithi impumuzo lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kumasu okudweba emhlabeni wezobuciko.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uma sesazi ukuthi kuyini ukukhululeka, sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izici zakho eziyinhloko:
- Lona umphumela wezinqubo ze-geological.
- Kungaba nezimbangela ezingapheli noma ezingavamile.
- Kungaba yizwekazi noma olwandle.
- Kungabonakala ngokucindezeleka noma ukuphakama.
- Bukhona ebusweni bomhlaba wonke.
- Shintsha isimo sezulu sendawo.
- Ifundiswa yi-geomorphology.
- Ingahluka ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu.
- Kuthinta indlela yokuphila ye-ecosystem kanye nezakhamuzi zakhona zezitshalo nezilwane.
Izibonelo zokuhlengwa kwezindawo
Izibonelo ezimele kakhulu ze-terrestrial reliefs yilezi:
- Imilomo. Ukuphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle kuvame ukuqoqwa ndawonye. Isibonelo: INtaba i-Everest e-Himalaya noma i-Aconcagua e-Andes.
- I-Plateau. Ukuphakama kwe-flat okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic noma ukuguguleka. Isibonelo: iGran Pajonal ePeru noma iMeseta Central eSpain.
- I-Plain. Indawo enobude obuncane kanye nokungahambi kahle okumbalwa. Eziningi zalezi zisuka ekugelezeni kwemifula noma ukuguguleka kwemvelo. Isibonelo: I-Dogo Plain e-Japan noma i-Gulf Coast Plain e-Mexico.
- izintaba Iqembu lezintaba ezihlanganisiwe ezivame ukuba neziqongo. Isibonelo: i-Alps e-Central Europe noma i-Rocky Mountains e-United States.
- Izigodi Ukucindezeleka ezweni phakathi kwezintaba noma izindawo eziphakeme, ngokuvamile ezinomfula noma umzila wamanzi. Isibonelo: iGreat Rift Valley e-Afrika noma iCalchaquí Valley e-Argentina.
- Ama-Colinas. Ukuphakama kuphansi kunezintaba futhi phezulu kuyindilinga. Isibonelo: iNtaba iZiyoni eJerusalema noma iConnors Knob e-Australia.
- Amasaha. Iqembu lezintaba ezincane kunokhahlamba, kodwa ngokuvamile ingxenye yalo. Isibonelo: iSierra de Ayllón eSpain noma i-Andes e-Argentina.
Izinhlobo zokukhululeka
Ngokwendawo, izinhlobo ezimbili zosizo zingahlukaniswa:
- impumuzo yezwekazi. Ingxenye yomhlaba ephumela ngaphezu kolwandle. Isibonelo: izintaba, amathafa, amathafa, izintaba, njll.
- Usizo lolwandle. Ingxenye yomhlaba engaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Isibonelo: ama-seamounts, imisele, amathafa alasha, njll.
I-Topography nesimo sezulu yizici ezimbili zayo yonke indawo. Isimo sezulu siqondwa njengeqoqo lezimpawu zomkhathi endaweni ethile, ezakhiwe izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuphakama.
Enye yezinto ezinquma isimo sezulu sesifunda isimo sendawo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokuphakama okuphezulu, njengoba ukuphakama kwezulu kushintsha izici ezithile zesimo sezulu. Ezintabeni, uquqaba lomoya lushayisana nalezi zakhiwo ezinde futhi zikhuphuke, zibangele ukuba zilahlekelwe izinga lokushisa futhi zikhiqize imvula.
Izintaba futhi zakha iveyili evimba imimoya kanye nezixuku zomoya endaweni yasolwandle, ngaleyo ndlela ziguqule izimo zezulu zendawo ezungezile.
impumuzo yezwekazi kanye nolwandle
Ukukhululeka kwezwekazi yingxenye ephuma ebusweni bomhlaba maqondana nezinga lolwandle. Isimo sezwekazi singavezwa ngesimo sezintaba, amathafa namaphutha, kanye namaqembu ezintaba zasendulo, zona ezakha izigodi, izigodi, amathafa, amawa, imihosha, izindunduma nezintaba ezinobude nobukhulu obuhlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topography yogu, okungukuthi, ingxenye yezwekazi ehlangana nolwandle, nayo iveza izici ezikhethekile. Esimweni esinjalo, ingathatha isimo sewa phezulu kanye nolwandle ngezansi.
Ukwakheka kolwandle yizingxenye zongqimba lomhlaba ezicwiliswe amanzi olwandle. Kusukela ogwini, izwe liqala ukwehla libheke kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi umthambeka wezwekazi. Phansi kolwandle, i-topography iyafana nengaphezulu lolwandle olusafufusa, ikhombisa izimo ezihlukene, njengezintaba, ezaziwa nangokuthi amagquma aphakathi nolwandle, namathafa alasha, okungukuthi, amathafa angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2.000.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zithombe eziqoshiwe zakha izigodi noma imisele, njenge-Mariana Trench, eyaziwa ngokujula kwayo okungaba amamitha angu-11.000.
Yini ebangela ukukhululeka komhlabathi?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamandla ezidlala indima ekwakhekeni kwendawo yomhlaba:
- inqubo endogenous. Yilezo zinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi eMhlabeni. Ukunyakaza nokushayisana kwamapuleti e-tectonic kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhlehlisa okufana nemifantu noma izintaba eziphezu komhlaba.
- inqubo exogenous. Izinqubo zangaphandle yilezo ezenzeka ebusweni bomhlaba. Izinqubo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuguguleka, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi izici zesimo sezulu, kanye nokunyakaza kanye nokubekwa kwezinto ezibangelwa izimbangela zemvelo noma imisebenzi yabantu.
Njengoba ubona, ukukhululeka kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba kanye nosuku lwethu nosuku. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukukhululeka, izici zakho nokubaluleka.