Kungani i-Pluto ingeyona iplanethi?

I-Pluto, iplanethi ekhohliwe, ayiseyona iplanethi. Esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga kwakuvame ukuba namaplanethi ayisishiyagalolunye kuze kube yilapho kuchazwa kabusha ukuthi iplanethi iyiplanethi noma cha, futhi uPluto kwadingeka aphume ekuhlanganeni kwamaplanethi. Ngo-2006 yaqashelwa njengeplanethi encane ngemva kweminyaka engu-75 yokusebenza esigabeni samaplanethi. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwale planethi kukhulu ngoba indikimba yasezulwini edlula emzileni wayo ibizwa ngokuthi iPluto. Abantu abaningi abazi kungani i-pluto ingeyona iplanethi.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani i-Pluto ingeyona iplanethi nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.

Izici eziyinhloko

Iplanethi encane izungeza ilanga njalo eminyakeni engu-247,7 futhi ihlanganisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.900. Isisindo se-Pluto silingana no-0,0021 ubukhulu bomhlaba. noma ingxenye yesihlanu yesisindo seNyanga. Lokhu kwenza kube kuncane kakhulu ukuthi kuthathwe njengeplanethi.

Yebo, sekuyiminyaka engu-75 iyiplanethi ye-International Astronomical Union. Ngo-1930, yathola igama layo kunkulunkulu wamaRoma wezwe elingaphansi komhlaba.

Ngenxa yokutholakala kwale planethi, kamuva kwatholakala izinto ezinkulu ezinjengoKuiper Belt. Ithathwa njengeplanethi encane enkulu, ngemuva kuka-Eris. Yakhiwe ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zeqhwa. Sithola ukuthi iqhwa lenziwe nge-methane eyiqhwa, elinye amanzi, elinye idwala.

Ulwazi mayelana ne-Pluto lulinganiselwe kakhulu, ngoba ubuchwepheshe kusukela ngawo-1930 abukathuthuki ngokwanele ukuze bunikeze ukutholwa okubalulekile kwezinto ezikude noMhlaba. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, bekuwukuphela kweplanethi engazange ihanjelwe umkhumbi-mkhathi.

NgoJulayi 2015, ngenxa yemishini entsha yasemkhathini eyasuka eMhlabeni ngo-2006, wakwazi ukufinyelela iplanethi encane futhi athole ulwazi oluningi. Lolu lwazi luthatha unyaka ukufinyelela iplanethi yethu.

Ulwazi ngamaplanethi amancane

Ngenxa yokwanda nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kutholakala imiphumela eminingi nolwazi mayelana nePluto. I-orbit yayo ihluke kakhulu, inikezwe ubudlelwano bayo bokuzungezisa nesathelayithi, i-eksisi yayo yokuzungezisa, kanye noshintsho enanini lokukhanya okuyishayayo. Konke lokhu okuguquguqukayo kwenza le planethi encane ikhange kakhulu emphakathini wesayensi.

Yilokho okuqhelelene nelanga kunawo wonke uMhlaba owakha isimiso sonozungezilanga. Nokho, ngenxa yokunethezeka kokuzungeza kwayo, iseduze ngeminyaka engama-20 kunomjikelezo weNeptune. U-Pluto weqa umzila we-Neptune ngoJanuwari 1979 futhi akazange asondele eLangeni kwaze kwaba ngoMashi 1999. Lesi senzakalo ngeke siphinde senzeke kuze kube u-September 2226. Njengoba enye iplanethi ingena emzileni wenye, akwenzeki ukungqubuzana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-orbit ingama-degree angu-17,2 uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza ye-ecliptic. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlela zemizila zisho ukuthi amaplanethi awahlangani.

I-Pluto inezinyanga ezinhlanu. Nakuba ubukhulu bayo buqhathaniswa ne-asteroid yethu, inezinyanga ezi-4 ngaphezu kwethu. Inyanga enkulu kunazo zonke, ebizwa ngokuthi iCharon, icishe ilingane nengxenye yePluto.

Umkhathi nokwakheka

Umkhathi we-Pluto ungamaphesenti angama-98 e-nitrogen, i-methane, namanye amanani e-carbon monoxide. Lamagesi enza ingcindezi ethile phezu komhlaba, nakuba ingaphansi ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100.000 kunomfutho oseMhlabeni osezingeni lolwandle.

Kwatholakala ne-methane eqinile, ngakho izinga lokushisa leplanethi encane lilinganiselwa ukuthi lingaphansi kuka-70 Kelvin. Ngenxa yohlobo olukhethekile lwe-orbit, izinga lokushisa linobubanzi obukhulu bokuhlukahluka eduze kwalo. I-Pluto ingaba seduze okungama-30 AU elangeni futhi ifinyelele ku-50 AU kude nelanga. Njengoba lisuka elangeni, kuba nomkhathi omncane eplanethini, oqandayo uwele phezulu.

Ngokungafani namanye amaplanethi afana neSaturn neJupiter, iPluto inamatshe kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa namanye amaplanethi. Ngemva kophenyo, kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi iningi lamadwala eplanethi encane lixubene neqhwa ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi. Njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, iqhwa lemvelaphi ehlukene. Ezinye zixutshwe ne-methane, ezinye ngamanzi, njll.

Lokhu kungabalwa ngokunikezwa izinhlobo zezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nezingcindezi ngesikhathi sokwakheka kweplanethi. Abanye ososayensi cabanga ukuthi i-Pluto empeleni iyinyanga elahlekile ye-Neptune. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iplanethi encane yaphonswa emzileni ohlukile lapho kwakhiwa isimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngakho-ke, i-Charon yakhiwe ngokuqoqwa kwezinto ezilula kusukela ekungqubuzaneni.

Ukujikeleza kwe-Pluto

I-Pluto ithatha izinsuku ezingu-6.384 ukuqedela ukuzungeza okukodwa ngoba ihambisana nemizila yezinyanga. Kungakho uPluto noCharon behlala besohlangothini olulodwa. I-axis yomhlaba yokuzungeza ingamadigri angu-23, kuyilapho i-axis ye-asteroid yokujikeleza ingama-degrees angu-122. Izigxobo zicishe zibe sezindizeni zazo ze-orbital.

Lapho liqala ukubonakala, ukukhanya okuvela esigxotsheni salo saseningizimu kwabonakala. Njengoba umbono wethu nge-Pluto ushintsha, iplanethi ibonakala iba mnyama. Namuhla singabona inkabazwe ye-asteroid sisuka eMhlabeni.

Phakathi kuka-1985 no-1990, iplanethi yethu yayihambisana nomjikelezo weCharon. Ngakho-ke, ukufiphala kwelanga kwePluto kungabonwa nsuku zonke. Ngenxa yaleli qiniso, kwakungenzeka ukuqoqa inani elikhulu lolwazi mayelana ne-albedo yale planethi encane. Siyakhumbula ukuthi i-albedo iyisici esichaza ukubonakaliswa kwemisebe yelanga yeplanethi.

Kungani i-Pluto ingeyona iplanethi?

Ngo-2006, ikakhulukazi ngo-Agasti 24, i-International Astronomical Union (IAU) yabamba umhlangano obaluleke kakhulu: Chaza kahle ukuthi iyini iplanethi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izincazelo zangaphambilini zehlulekile ukuhlonza kahle ukuthi iplanethi iyini, futhi u-Pluto wayephakathi kwenkulumo-mpikiswano, njengoba isazi sezinkanyezi uMike Brown sathola into ye-Eris enkulu kakhulu kune-Pluto ku-Kuiper Belt ngokwayo. Lokhu kwakunomkhawulo wesayensi yezinkanyezi ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba uma i-Pluto ifaneleka njengeplanethi, kungani i-Iris ingafaneleki? Uma kunjalo, mangaki amaplanethi angaba khona asele ebhande le-Kuiper?

Inkulumo-mpikiswano yajula kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Pluto ekugcineni ilahlekelwa isihloko sayo seplanethi phakathi nomhlangano we-IAU ka-2006. I-International Astronomical Union ichaza iplanethi njengomzimba ocishe ube yindilinga ozungeza inkanyezi.. Futhi, amaplanethi kufanele abe nemigqa ecacile.

I-Pluto ayihlangabezani nemfuneko yakamuva, ngakho ikhishwa ngokusemthethweni ekubeni yiplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga. Kodwa impikiswano isavuliwe, abanye bephikisana ngokuthi uPluto kufanele abuyele ohlwini olusemthethweni. Ngo-2015, i-NASA's New Horizons mission yathola ukuthi iplanethi "yasendulo" yayinkulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa izazi zezinkanyezi.

Umkhuzi wemishini u-Alan Stern wayengomunye wezazi zezinkanyezi ezingavumelani nencazelo yamanje yeplanethi, ephikisana ngokuthi i-Pluto kufanele ihlale phakathi kwamaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungakwazi ukwazi izizathu zokuthi kungani i-Pluto ingeyona iplanethi.