El I-Mount Everest Yintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngamamitha angu-8848,43 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kwakuyiphupho futhi kuseyiphupho labo bonke abaqwali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo limele ingozi enkulu njengoba ibhekwa njengentaba ebulala kakhulu emhlabeni. Inezici eziyingqayizivele kanye nemvelaphi okufanele ukwazi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele zonke izici, umsuka kanye ne-geology ye-Mount Everest.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kukhona ukudideka mayelana nokuphakama kweMount Everest. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi isiqongo saso siyindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke eMhlabeni, njengoba iphakama ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, kodwa akuyona enkulu kunazo zonke noma ephakeme kunawo wonke, uma umuntu ecabangela ukuthi kunezinye iziqongo ngaphansi kwawo. izinga elibanzi futhi eliphakeme nakakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iMauna Kea iyintaba-mlilo leyo iphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.000 ukusuka esisekelweni sayo phansi olwandle.
I-Mount Everest iyingxenye ye-Himalayas, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, phakathi kwezwekazi laseNdiya kanye nayo yonke i-Asia. Iphakathi kweNepal neTibet (China), enobude obungamamitha ayi-8848-8850 kanye nendawo ephelele engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-594.400. Kuthatha isimo esifana nephiramidi enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo, umoya ongenhla awunawo umoya-mpilo futhi indawo ishaywa umoya onamandla uma kubanda.
Ukhakhayi lwalo, noma ukhakhayi, lwakhiwe iqhwa eliqine kakhulu elizungezwe olunye ungqimba lweqhwa olungancishiswa noma lwande. Iphakeme kancane ngoSepthemba futhi iphansi kancane ngoMeyi. Amazinga okushisa ayahlukahluka kuye ngesizini, ngo-January amazinga okushisa angafinyelela -36 ºC, kuyilapho ngoJulayi, phakathi nehlobo, amazinga okushisa angaba ngu-19 ºC. Isikhathi sezimvula, kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, sikhiqiza iziphepho ezinamandla ezinomoya ofinyelela ku-285 km/h. Okwesibili, umfutho womoya okhona ungama-30% walokho ezingeni lolwandle.
Amamitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwesiqongo yi- "indawo yokufa", okubizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kwabulala abaqwali abambalwa. Njengoba ukuphakama kuncipha, izinga lokushisa liyakhula futhi iqhwa neqhwa kuncane kuze kube yilapho amadwala entaba ebonakala ngokucacile.
Umlando othile
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando, i-Mount Everest yadalwa umhlaba ngokwawo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-60 edlule. Intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni yahlonzwa ngo-1841 ithimba labahloli bamaNgisi elaliholwa uSir George Everest, owaqamba i-Everest Mount Everest ngo-1865.
Abantu bokuqala ukuqopha ngokusemthethweni iMount Everest baqala umzamo wabo ngo-1921. imizamo emibili yohambo lwaseBrithani ngo-1921 nango-1922 yehluleka ukuhlanganisa i-Everest. Ngo-1924, uGeorge Mallory no-Andrew Irvine, amalungu amabili ohambo lwaseBrithani, babonwa begwinywe isimo sezulu esibi ngamamitha angama-800 ukusuka engqungqutheleni. Yize isidumbu sikaMallory satholwa ngo-1999, bekungatholakali ukuthi yena noma u-Owen bafika esicongweni yini, njengoba kungatholakali bufakazi.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Mount Everest
I-Mount Everest yakhiwe ngezingqimba eziningana zedwala eligoqiwe le-metamorphic kanye ne-sedimentary, elimbozwe yiqhwa neqhwa, eliqoqwe phakathi kwezigidi zeminyaka.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukubuyela emuva esikhathini lapho iPangea iseyizwekazi elikhulu emhlabeni ngasekupheleni kwePaleozoic kanye nasekuqaleni kweMesozoic. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-175-180 edlule, ngenxa yokunyakaza kwangaphakathi kweplanethi, ubuso bayo baqala ukuphuka., futhi phakathi nenkathi yeJurassic kwavela amazwekazi amabili amakhulu okuthiwa iLaurasia neGondwana. Eyakamuva yayihlanganisa iNingizimu Melika yanamuhla, i-Afrika, i-Antarctica, iMadagascar, i-Australia, iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia kanye nezwekazi laseNdiya. ILaurasia ihlanganisa lokho manje okuyiNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, ne-Asia.
Ngokwalo mbono, izwekazi laseNdiya lahlukaniswa ne-Asia ngaleso sikhathi, futhi izwekazi, elalihlukane ne-Afrika nezinye izingcwecwe eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, laqala ukuhamba enyakatho laze lashayisana ne-Asia. Ukushaqeka kwabangela ukuncishiswa kwepuleti lamaNdiya; ngenxa yokwehluka kwengcindezi namazinga okushisa, ipuleti elilodwa lacwila ngaphansi kwelinye, okwenza uqweqwe lwawo lushwabene futhi lwakhe izintaba ezidumile. I-Mount Everest ineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-60 ubudala.
Izitshalo nezilwane zaseMount Everest
Ukuphakama kwengxenye enkulu ye-Everest kuyenza ibe yindawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Izilwane ezithile kuphela ezingahlala phezulu, kodwa nazo zinemingcele. Isibonelo, i-yak inamaphaphu amakhulu futhi ingaphila endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-6000, kuyilapho i-chough enebhili ebomvu (Pyrrhocorax graculus) ingandiza endaweni engamamitha angu-8000. Ama-panda abomvu (Ailurus fulgens), izicabucabu (Euophrys everestensis kanye ne-Euophrys omnisuperstes), amabhere amnyama e-Himalayan (Ursus thibetanus), izingwe zeqhwa (Uncia uncia), amanqe namanye ama-pika aphinde athole isiphephelo eduze noma ezintabeni.
Izitshalo azihlukene kangako, nakuba amadwala kwesinye isikhathi embozwa ubulembu. Ama-Lichens, ama-mosses kanye nezitshalo ze-cushion zingatholakala endaweni eyi-4.876 km, kodwa ngale kwe-5.639 km azikho nhlobo izimila.
Isimo sezulu kanye nemisebenzi
Umsebenzi omkhulu kule ndawo ukuqwala iMount Everest. Nokho, lena i-adventure eyingozi. Ukuze uqwale i-Mount Everest, udinga ulwazi oluningi lokuqwala izintaba kanye nezitifiketi zezempilo ezihlanzekile, izinto zokusebenza, nomhlahlandlela waseNepali oqeqeshwe kahle. Iqhwa neqhwa entabeni kungabangela amaqhwa abulalayo, futhi inkathi yokukhuphuka ilinganiselwe kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi.
Isimo sezulu sase-Everest besilokhu singathandeki kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Izinga lokushisa lasemini elifudumele kakhulu eliqoshwe ngoJulayi licishe libe ngu-19°C phezulu; UMasingana uyinyanga ebanda kakhulu enesilinganiso esiphezulu sokushisa esingu-36 °C futhi ingehla ifike ku -60 °C. Iziphepho zingavela ngokuzumayo futhi amazinga okushisa angehla ngokungalindelekile.
Isiqongo se-Mount Everest siphezulu njengomkhawulo ophansi we-rapids, ekwazi ukumelana nemimoya enamandla eqhubekayo enesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-160 ngehora. Ngesikhathi semvula yasehlobo, imvula iwa ngendlela yeqhwa.
Ukubaluleka kwayo okuyinhloko kusekudumeni kwentaba kwabaqwali, njengoba iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuyikhaya labasubathi abadumile futhi ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Mount Everest nezici zayo.