El Kola Kahle yambiwa phakathi kuka-1970 no-1989 ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-12.000 XNUMX. Ingenye yemigodi ejule kakhulu eyenziwe umuntu eyake yaqoshwa futhi itholakala eNhlonhlweni yaseKola eSifundeni sasePechensky endaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomthombo we-Kola nezici zayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ngobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-23 kanye nokujula okuphelele okungamamitha ayi-12.262, bekuyimithombo kawoyela ejulile kakhulu eyake yaqoshwa yaze yadlulwa ngo-2008 umthombo we-Al Shaheen eQatar (amamitha ayi-12.289). Kamuva, ngo-2011, ukumba okusha kwaba ukujula - umthombo we-Odoptu OP-11, oseduze nesiqhingi saseRussia saseSakhalin, ngamamitha angu-12.345. UMthombo weKola wambiwa phakathi nomjaho wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu emibili (i-United States neSoviet Union) eyayiqhudelana ngeMpi Yomshoshaphansi.
Umgomo walo msebenzi uwukungena oqweqweni lomhlaba ukuze kufundwe izici zawo. Nakuba imbobo ejulile iyingxenye yesithathu kuphela yobude besifunda, inikeza abacwaningi ingcebo yedatha.
Eqinisweni, lo mthombo awumbiwanga kanyekanye, kodwa wawunemithombo eminingana ebekwe phezu kowangaphambili. Okujulile, okubizwa nge-SG-3, kungamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ububanzi, kodwa ngenxa yakhe siyazi imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokwakheka koqweqwe lomhlaba.
Umthombo we-Kola uphinde waba isihloko sezinganekwane ezimbalwa zasemadolobheni, edume kakhulu ukuthi yambiwa yajula kangangokuthi yavula umnyango weSihogo ngephutha. Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, ithimba elidale umsindo oyinqaba obhalwe kahle laphuma ekukhaleni okunegazi futhi libalekela umgodi.
Inganekwane yasemadolobheni yadutshulwa kamuva futhi kwatholakala ukuthi imisindo yayithathwe kumculo wefilimu we-"Bloody Rave". Kodwa-ke, nanamuhla, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uMthombo weKola usufinyelele emasangweni aseSihogweni.
Yini eyatholwa emthonjeni wakwaKola?
Nakuba ososayensi baseSoviet bengakaze bafeze izinhloso zabo, iqiniso liwukuthi ukudalwa kwalo mgodi (owayejulile kakhulu eMhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi) kwasiza ekutholakaleni okuningi okubalulekile okuhlobene nemvelo nokusebenza koqweqwe loMhlaba.
Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokumba, kwakukholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona inkwali enkulu ye-granite ne-basalt cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-7 ukujula; lokhu kwabonakala kungelona iqiniso. Eqinisweni, abacwaningi baqinisekisa ukuthi kwakunamatshe aphukile, anezimbobo kuphela kule ndawo, nokuthi imigodi yayigcwele amanzi, okwamangaza ochwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ubufakazi bezinsalela ze-plankton butholakale ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha ayisi-6 futhi kutholwe inani elikhulu legesi ye-hydrogen.
Ujule kangakanani umthombo?
Ukwakhiwa koMthombo weKola akwenziwanga ngokulandelana, kodwa ngezigaba. Ngo-1989, ekupheleni kwesigaba se-SG-3, iphuzu elijulile lase lifinyelele kumamitha angu-12.262. Lelo rekhodi limi kwaze kwaba ngu-2008, lapho umthombo eQatar ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-12.289.
Nokho, zonke izindawo zembobo azinakho ukujula okufanayo. Engxenyeni engaphandle, ububanzi bukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okungatholakala engxenyeni ejulile. Lokhu kungenxa yobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukumba, okwakhiwa kusetshenziswa imishini emincane kakhulu endaweni evundlile.
Ngenxa yalokho, umthombo we-Kola ungamasentimitha angu-23 kuphela ububanzi endaweni yawo ejulile, njengoba izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokumba zingakwazi ukusebenza ekujuleni okunjalo. Ngale ndlela, kwadingeka kudalwe iqembu elikhethekile ukuze linqobe ezinye zezinkinga zobuchwepheshe amaSoviet abhekana nazo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba namuhla kusenezimbobo ezimbili ezijulile kunoMthombo weKola, iqiniso liwukuthi kusewukumbiwa okukhulu kunakho konke okwake kwenziwa uma sicabangela ukuphakama kokuqala okwaqala lapho ukwakhiwa. umhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi ezinye ezimbili ziqala ezingeni lolwandle, ngakho ngokuvamile aziphakeme kangako.
Inganekwane Yesihogo ngaphansi komthombo weKola
Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onentshisekelo ku-Kola owenza kanjalo ngenxa yenani layo elikhulu lesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, inganekwane yasemadolobheni isakaza ukuthi ukumba kwajula kangangokuba kwavula amasango esihogo, kwabulala izisebenzi ezimbalwa, futhi kwadalula ububi obukhulu emhlabeni.
Izinganekwane zasemadolobheni zaqala ukuzungeza cishe ngo-1997. Ngokusho kwendaba, iqembu lonjiniyela, eliholwa "uMnu. U-Azakov" waqala ukumba endaweni engaziwa eSiberia futhi wakwazi ukufinyelela ku- ukujula kwamakhilomitha angu-14,4 ngaphambi kokuthola uhlobo lomgede ongaphansi komhlaba.
Bemangazwe lokho abakutholile okuyinqaba, abacwaningi banquma ukuwehlisa imakrofoni, eyayiklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Nokho umthombo bekufanele ugcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elingu-1.000º C, ithimba likwazile ukuqopha ukukhala nokukhala, okuthi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, kwakuzovela kwabalahliwe futhi bahlukunyezwe. Bathola isihogo.
Ososayensi abaningi babeqiniseka ukuthi bathole into eyingozi kakhulu futhi bahamba ngokushesha. Nokho, labo abasala ngalobo busuku babhekana nesimangaliso esikhulu nakakhulu. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, indiza kagesi negesi yemvelo kuthiwa idubule yaphuma emthonjeni; ababekhona babebona kuphunyuka isilwane esinamaphiko elulwane.
Inganekwane iphetha ngokuthi ukuba khona kwamademoni kwabangela ukuxokozela kwaze kwalahleka amakhanda ababekhona, abanye babo bafa. Ukuvala isigameko, i-KGB yathumela ithimba lezokwelapha ukuze linikeze ososayensi imithi ekhethekile yokusula inkumbulo yabo yesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwenziwa umzamo wokusula yonke inkumbulo yalokho okwenzekile, futhi umthombo uzohlala uvaliwe unomphela kuze kube namuhla.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Kola kahle nezici zayo.