Ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nakho iziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu ekuzungezeni iplanethi yethu. Isetshenziselwa ukutholakala nokuhlaziywa kwazo zonke izici zomkhathi kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezithonya isimo sezulu nezimo zasemkhathini. Iphinde ibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yabantu nasekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Esikhathini esedlule bekuhambisana nokusebenza kwezempi nokuhlela ezimweni eziningi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, nokubaluleka kwama-satellite emeteorological.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukubukwa komkhathi nezimo zawo kubalulekile ukwazi isimo sezulu seplanethi. Iziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu ziphethe ukubuka, ukuthola nokuqopha zonke izibikezelo zesimo sezulu. Ama-probe ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezimpawu asetshenziselwa izifundo ezahlukahlukene zomkhathi. Ezinye zazo zinokulinganiselwa okuthile okufana nenani lemisebe yelanga. Isibonelo, kuneziphuphutheki zemeteorological ezisebenza ngemisebe ye-infrared futhi ezingadingi ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zisebenze. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga idatha enembe kakhulu noma isikali sesikhathi sangempela, udinga ukusebenzisa ukusabalalisa okubanzi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-satellite emeteorological Kwaqala ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kuthathe iminyaka eyi-10 ukwethula isathelayithi yokuqala kusukela ngo-1947, ngoba ibisacwaningweni nocwaningo oluqhubekayo. Lo mqondo wavela ngokushesha njengendlela yokuchaza imicimbi yesimo sezulu ukusiza izimo zamasosha. Okwamanje, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthola futhi i-spectrum yonke isetshenziswa kusuka ku-ultraviolet kuye kuma-microwave, ngokusebenzisa i-spectrum ebonakalayo kubantu nakumaza omsakazo.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kweziphuphutheki zemeteorological
Ukufeza ukusetshenziswa okufanele kweziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela ethile, efana nale elandelayo:
- Ukuba sendaweni kude ngokwanele ukuvumela ukumbozwa kwendawo yonke lapho ufuna ukwenza ukubikezela. Inkambu yombono iyadingeka evumela ukukhonjwa kwesixuku samafu nazo zonke izici zomhlaba zokuma komhlaba. Lokhu kusebenza ukuthola imiphumela engabangelwa yizimo zezulu emhlabathini phansi.
- Ukufuduswa kwesathelayithi kufanele kuhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi Inkambu yakho yombono ivela njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Kuyalulekwa ukuhamba kabili phezu kohlelo olufanayo lwamafu ukuze ukwazi ukubona kahle ukuphazamiseka kwasemkhathini okuhambisana nohlelo lwamafu.
- Ijubane lokuhamba kwesathelayithi kufanele libe ngale ndlela yokuthi livumela indawo eqondile yazo zonke izinhlelo zamafu ezicwaningwayo maqondana nezindawo zomhlaba ezithonya kuzo.
- Ngokuvamile cishe zonke iziphepho zihambela empumalanga zisuka entshonalanga. Ngalesi sizathu, iziphuphutheki zezulu kumele zibe nengxenye yokunyakaza ngasentshonalanga. Sikhuluma ngentshonalanga maqondana nobuso bomhlaba. Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukuthola ukuphazamiseka komkhathi okungabonakala ngokuya ngohlelo lwamafu oluhlaziywayo.
- Yonke indawo yomhlaba kumele imbozwe okungenani kanye ngosuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungaba nembono ye-panoramic yesimo sonke somkhathi womhlaba.
Yonke imibandela esiyibekile ifinyelelwe inqobo nje uma ibibekiwe iziphuphutheki emsakazweni womhlaba ongu-2.01. Kumele ibalwe njalo ukusuka enkabeni yoMhlaba nangesikhathi sokujikeleza cishe amahora angama-4.
Ukusebenziseka kweziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu
Ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni losizo idatha eqoqwe amasathelayithi ezulu angaba nayo. Siyazi ukuthi kusukela ngo-1966, ubuso beplanethi yethu buthathwa izithombe ngokuqhubekayo, okungenani kanye ngosuku. Akuzona zonke izithombe ezisetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi sangempela, kepha zigcinwe kungobo yomlando ukwenza izibalo ezahlukahlukene nokucwaninga emkhakheni wesimo sezulu. Njengoba sazi, isimo sezulu yisayensi ehlola zonke izimo zezulu nezomkhathi ezingeni lesikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Ngamanye amagama, kungashiwo ukuthi isimo sezulu yisamba sazo zonke izinto eziguqukayo nokuziphatha kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lolu lwazi olutholwe ngenxa yeziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu selusizo kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo zalo:
- EPlanethi yoMhlaba kunezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezinkulu lapho ulwazi lutholakala khona ngenxa yezindlela ezijwayelekile ezifana izingwadule, izindawo ezibandayo nezindawo zolwandle yezindawo ezisenyakatho nezaseningizimu lapho abantu bengakwazi ukufunda khona nge-situ. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe singathola ulwazi ngalezi zindawo ngaphandle kokuthi sibe kuzo.
- Elinye lamacala lapho imininingwane etholakale ngamasathelayithi ezulu abelusizo kakhulu eye- indawo kanye nokuqapha iziphepho, izivunguvungu neziphepho ezishisayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ulwazi ngokuziphatha kwalezi zimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ukuze sikwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ngokweqile futhi sigweme izinhlekelele ezingaba khona.
Imininingwane enikezwe amasathelayithi ezimo zezulu angasetshenziswa ukuthola amashadi wamazinga okushisa asolwandle. Izinga lokushisa elwandle lingukuguquguquka okubalulekile ngoba kuyisici esinqumayo sokuhamba kwemisinga yasolwandle. Lolu lwazi alusizo kuphela esimweni sezulu, kepha nasekuzulazuleni nasekudobeni.
Izindlela zokuthola ulwazi
Ukuphela kohlelo olukwazi ukuthola ukumbozwa okuphelele kokushisa komkhathi nokuphakama okuhlukile yiziphuphutheki zemeteorological. Ukwethulwa kwesathelayithi yesimo sezulu kudinga i-shuttle. Inzuzo yokuthi shutle izimoto zasemkhathini izokwazi ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthola imininingwane kuma-laboratories ngezikhathi zesikhathi ezinkulu kunalezo zezindiza ezingekho ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwemoto ungaba nolwazi ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomkhathi kanye nobuso bomhlaba.
- Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle nangaphakathi.
- Ukucubungula idatha ye-Atmospheric.
- Ukulawulwa kokuqina nokuhamba kwazo zombili izindiza zokuhweba nezempi.
- Ithonya lemisebe ye-cosmic emhlabeni wethu.
- Isayensi yezinkanyezi.
- I-Plasma physics
- Ukubhekwa kwemvelo
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nama-satellite emeteorological nokuthi asebenza kanjani.