I-Las iziphepho ze-geomagnetic yiziphazamiso emkhakheni kazibuthe woMhlaba othatha amahora ambalwa ukuya ezinsukwini. Imvelaphi yazo ingaphandle futhi ibangelwa ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinhlayiya ezikhishwa ama-solar flares afinyelela kumagnetosphere, okwenza izinguquko emkhakheni kazibuthe woMhlaba. Iziphepho ze-Geomagnetic ziyimvelo yomhlaba wonke futhi ziqala kuwo wonke amaphuzu eMhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Nokho, ubukhulu beziphepho ezibonwayo buyahlukahluka ezindaweni ngezindawo, futhi lapho i-latitude iphakeme, iba nkulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi iziphepho ze-geomagnetic, yiziphi izici zazo nobungozi.
Ukwakhiwa kweziphepho ze-geomagnetic
Ukuvela kweziphepho ze-geomagnetic kuhlobene nomsebenzi welanga. Ilanga lihlala likhipha izinhlayiya kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umoya welanga." Lezi zinhlayiya ngokuvamile azingeni emkhathini womhlaba ngenxa yokuthi ziphambukiswe yi-magnetosphere yoMhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, iLanga alinawo umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa kunalokho libonisa umsebenzi ohluka phakathi nesikhathi seminyaka engu-11, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umjikelezo welanga", obalwa ngenani lama-sunspots eliwabonayo enkathini ngayinye. umzuzu. . Phakathi nalo mjikelezo weminyaka engu-11, iLanga liye lahluka ukusuka kumsebenzi omncane ocishe ube namachashazi elanga acishe anyamalale ukuya emsebenzini omkhulu ngokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwenombolo ye-sunspot.
Ama-Sunspots ahambisana nezifunda kupholile ku-photosphere yelanga lapho amandla kazibuthe anamandla kakhulu futhi abhekwa njengezindawo ezisebenzayo zelanga. Kukula ma-sunspots lapho ama-solar flares kanye ne-coronal mass ejections (CMEs) kwakhiwa. ) Kuhambisana nokuqhuma okunamandla okuphonsa inani elikhulu lezinto ze-coronal ku-interplanetary medium, ngaleyo ndlela kushintsha ukuminyana komoya welanga nesivinini sawo.
Uma ama-CME emakhulu ngokwanele futhi enzeka endaweni ebheke eMhlabeni, ukuminyana okwandisiwe kanye nesivinini somoya welanga kungasonta i-magnetosphere Yomhlaba, kudale iziphepho ze-geomagnetic. Lezi zithinta yonke iplanethi ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kuye ngokuthi umoya welanga ufinyelela ngokushesha kangakanani ukuxosha ngobudlova, kungathatha usuku noma izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba zenzeke, njengoba lesi simo senzeka eLangeni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lemishini yesathelayithi yethulwe emkhathini ukuze qapha umsebenzi welanga ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye nokukwazi ukuxwayisa ngama-coronal mass ejection angathinta uMhlaba.
Ungazikala kanjani iziphepho ze-geomagnetic?
Isiphepho se-geomagnetic sirekhodwa ezindaweni zokubheka i-geomagnetic njengokuphazamiseka okungazelelwe okuthinta izingxenye zenkundla kazibuthe Yomhlaba futhi siphikelele usuku noma ngaphezulu kuze kube yilapho ukuthula sekubuyelwe khona.
ukulinganisa ubukhulu beziphepho ze-geomagnetic i-Geomagnetic Index yasetshenziswa. Kulezi, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu inkomba ye-Dst, emele umsebenzi kazibuthe wenethiwekhi yezindawo zokuhlola ze-geomagnetic ezine eziseduze nenkabazwe kazibuthe, kanye nenkomba yamahora amathathu, emele umsebenzi.
I-Geomagnetism yenziwa njalo emahoreni amathathu. Phakathi kwalokhu kwakamuva, inkomba engu-K isetshenziswa kakhulu, okuyinkomba ye-quasi-logarithmic geomagnetic, emele ukuphazamiseka kwenkundla ye-geomagnetic yasendaweni, futhi isekelwe ejikeni elishintshashintshayo le-diurnal le-geomagnetic observatory ngezinsuku ezizolile. Lokhu kukalwa ngezikhathi zamahora amathathu. Ezingeni leplanethi, inkomba ye-Kp iyachazwa, etholwa ngokubala isilinganiso esisindiwe sezinkomba ze-K ezibonwa kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ye-geomagnetic observatories.
I-ejensi yaseMelika i-NOAA ichaze isikali sokulinganisa ukushuba kanye nomthelela weziphepho ze-geomagnetic. Iqukethe amanani amahlanu angaba khona (G1 kuya ku-G5) ahlobene nenani lenkomba ye-Kp efinyelelwe futhi imele isilinganiso sokuvama ezenzeka ngaso emjikelezweni ngamunye welanga.
I-Space Weather ihlanganisa ukucwaninga kwezimo zemvelo phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba okubangelwa umsebenzi welanga kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nakho.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlangano eziningi emhlabeni jikelele ezisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ngesimo sezulu sasemkhathini, ezisebenzela ukuqapha ilanga nomthelela walo Emhlabeni, ukuhlanganisa idatha evela kumasathelayithi, izindawo zokubheka i-geomagnetic, nezinye izinzwa. E-Spain, i-National Space Meteorology Service (SEMNES) yenza lezi mishini yokuqapha nokusabalalisa, ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-National Geographic Institute ehlinzeka ngedatha evela ku-geomagnetic observatory yayo.
Imiphumela yeziphepho ze-geomagnetic
I-Auroras
Iziphepho ze-Geomagnetic zivame ukuba zincane ngesilinganiso futhi azidali monakalo. Izibani ezisenyakatho nenkabazwe esenyakatho kanye nezibani eziseningizimu eningizimu nenkabazwe ziyizibonakaliso ezijabulisa kakhulu zeziphepho ze-geomagnetic, ezidalwe yizinhlayiya zelanga ezikhokhiswayo ezisebenzisana nomkhathi woMhlaba. Lapho inani elikhulu lezinto lifika ngenxa yethonya le-coronal mass ejection, Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba azama ukuchezukisa lezi zinhlayiya, kodwa ekugcineni zigcina zingena endaweni eseduze nezigxobo kazibuthe futhi zithintane nezingqimba ezingenhla zomkhathi. lezi zingqimba, izinhlayiya zisebenzisana nomkhathi kumaGases (i-oksijeni, i-nitrogen) zixhumana nomunye nomunye, okuzolungisa umbala owubonayo.
Nakuba ama-aurora avamile ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho ehlotshaniswa neziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu ze-geomagnetic, angabonakala ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isiphepho esikhulu esithi "Carrington Event" ngo-September 1, 1859 sakhiqiza ama-aurora eYurophu, eMelika Ephakathi naseHawaii. E-Spain, lesi sigameko sasidume kabi futhi sabikwa ngabezindaba zendawo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukulimala kwesiphepho se-Geomagnetic
Ezimweni ezingavamile lapho iziphepho ze-geomagnetic zinamandla kakhulu, zingadala umonakalo kwingqalasizinda nakubantu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziphuphutheki zisengozini yokuthinteka isenzo sezinhlayiya ezigcwele amandla, ezingalimaza ukwakheka kwayo noma kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kungase kuthinte amasistimu okumisa, amasistimu okuzulazula, noma amasathelayithi okuxhumana, okubangele umonakalo omkhulu nokulahlekelwa kwezimali kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda ethembele kulawa masistimu ukuthi asebenze.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla kanye namapayipi ensimbi angaphansi komhlaba angaheha ama-geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) azwela kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwamanje lungalimaza kakhulu amanethiwekhi kagesi, lubangele ama-high-voltage transformer ukuthi ashise ngokweqile noma ashise, njengoba kwenzeka phakathi nesiphepho se-geomagnetic sangoMashi 13, 1989, lokho kwabangela ukucinywa kukagesi okudumile eQuebec (Canada). Amapayipi kawoyela negesi asengozini yokugqwala ngenxa ye-GIC, kuyilapho amasistimu wokusayina wethrafikhi yezitimela angase alimale, kube yingozi.
Abantu baphinde bathinteke yiziphepho ezinamandla ze-geomagnetic lapho behamba ngendiza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izindiza ezisemizileni eshisayo zivame ukuphambukiswa phakathi neziphepho ezinamandla ze-geomagnetic, futhi osomkhathi kufanele bahlale ebhodini kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yesiphepho idambile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neziphepho ze-geomagnetic nezici zazo.