Sesike sakhuluma ezikhathini ezimbalwa mayelana nezici ezimbi zokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki olwandle nolwandle. Kulokhu, sizogxila ekukhulumeni nge- izinyembezi ze-mermaid. Lawa amapulasitiki amancane amise okweparele avame ukudidwa izilwane njengokungathi awukudla. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezilwaneni zasolwandle nezilwandle.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngezinyembezi ze-mermaid, izici zabo kanye nobungozi.
ziyini izinyembezi ze-mermaid
Ukungcoliswa kwezinyembezi ze-mermaid kunezinkinga eziningi. Into eyinhloko ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncane nemibala ekhanyayo, izilwane eziningi zasolwandle zibadida ngokudla. Okubizwa ngokuthi izinyembezi ze-mermaid, noma "nurdles" ngesiNgisi, amabhola epulasitiki amancane asetshenziswa imboni ukwenza yonke into kusukela emabhodleleni kuya kumabonakude. Yizinto ezingavuthiwe zazo zonke izinto ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, "isitini" okwenziwa ngaso le nto.
Ngakho-ke, izinyembezi ze-mermaid ezincane kakhulu ziphambuka kalula. Ifekthri ibe isincibilika futhi iwabumbe abe imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi, ngoba mancane kakhulu, avame ukulahleka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokungaphathwa kahle kwezokuthutha noma ukugadwa kokukhiqizwa, amanye ala mabhola ayalahleka agcine esemifuleni nasezilwandle.
Lokho kusho, kungase kungabonakali kubucayi. Inkinga ukuthi kunezinyembezi eziningi ze-mermaid ezihanjiswa futhi zisetshenziswe unomphela ukuthi izigidigidi zamabhola epulasitiki baphelela olwandle.
Izinyembezi zentelezi ziyisingathekiso senhlekelele yolwandle. Ulwandle lukhalela ipulasitiki, hhayi imilomo. Igama empeleni libhekisela ohlotsheni lokungcola olwaziwa kancane, kodwa okuyingozi kakhulu ekujuleni kolwandle. Izinyembezi ze-mermaid zingamaparele epulasitiki amancane agcina esemanzini olwandle, angcolisa imvelo.
Lawa mabhola epulasitiki, abuye aziwe ngokuthi "ama-pellets", aphakathi kuka-1 no-5 mm ngobukhulu futhi ayizinto eziyisisekelo zokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ahlukaniswa njengama-microplastics ayisisekelo, njengamaparele asetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo. Zenzelwe ukuthi zibe losayizi ngesizathu, futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi kulula ukuthutha embonini, okuyinto liyobe selincibilikisa izigidi zezinhlayiya zamatshe ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto ezinkulu, njengamabhodlela epulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, akufanele kudidaniswe ne-microplastics ekhishwe ukungcola ngezinto ezinkulu.
Inkinga ngala ma-microplastics ayinhloko ukuthi izinyembezi eziningi ze-mermaid azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokugcina futhi zigcine olwandle. Ukungaphathwa kahle kokuthuthwa nokucutshungulwa kwala maparele amancane kusho ukuthi izigidi zamaparele zidedelwa ngokungenhloso emanzini akuwo womabili amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti.
Ukudla okunobuthi ezilwaneni zasolwandle
Ubukhulu bazo obuncane, ukuma kwazo okuyindilinga, nemibala ehlukahlukene kuzenza zibe izinto ezikhangayo ezilwaneni zasolwandle, ekugcineni zizenze zibe ngamaqanda ezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincane. Ngakho, banamathela ezintweni eziphilayo, nakuba bengenazo izakhamzimba. Kunalokho, kwenezelwa inkinga kulesi simo. Ukwakheka kwe-polymeric yalobu buhlalu bepulasitiki kuvumela ukungcola okuphilayo okuqhubekayo (ama-POP) osekuvele kukhona emanzini ukuthi kuqoqwe phezu kwawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingafakwa emakoloni ngama-microorganisms ayingozi avela kubantu nasezilwaneni zasolwandle. Ngakho-ke bagcina sebeyibhomu lesikhathi, hhayi nje ngoba vele bamele ukungcola. Kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi nama-microorganisms anamathele ezindaweni zawo. Ziyingozi kangangokuthi ukuthinta isikhumba esingenalutho sabantu abangcolisa amabhishi kuyingozi nakakhulu.
Isimo siba sikhathaza nakakhulu lapho sibala izinga lokungcoliswa kwezinyembezi ze-mermaid ezilahlwa olwandle unyaka ngamunye. Imboni yepulasitiki ilinganiselwa ukuthi ikhishelwe olwandle ngokungenhloso kuze kufike ku-53 billion nanoparticles unyaka ngamunye. Futhi ukuyibeka kumongo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi le mali yanele ukwenza amabhodlela epulasitiki ayizigidi ezingu-88.
ingozi yezinyembezi ze-mermaid
Lawa amabhola epulasitiki amancane aphakathi kuka-1 no-5 mm ububanzi, ahlukaniswa njengama-microplastic ayinhloko kanye nama-microsphere asetshenziswa ezintweni zokuhlanza nezimonyo. Okunye, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-microplastics esibili, akuzona ezincane ngokuqondile, kodwa ziwumphumela wokuwohloka kwezingcezu ezinkulu. Kodwa kungani ukuba khona kwabo kukhathazeka kangaka? Ngokuvamile ezinemibala egqamile, zibonwa kalula izilwane zasolwandle, ezivame ukuzishwabadela, zizenze iphutha ngokudla. Uma sezingenile, zingaba yingozi ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: Phakathi kokunye, izinto ezenziwe ngazo zinobuthi ngokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi lapho zinqwabelana ezintweni eziphilayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwabo kanye ne-porosity kubenza babe uhlobo lwesipontshi esingabamba izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziyingozi, kuhlanganise nezinhlanganisela ezingcolisayo ezikhona emanzini kanye namanye ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Ngokwesibonelo, kunezinye izimo zokunqunu eziye zahlolelwa i-E. coli, igciwane elivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo zomzila womchamo noma ubuthi bokudla, phakathi kwezinye izifo.
Lawa mabhola amancane abonakala engenangozi angaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kunconywa kubantu abavolontiya ukuhlanza amabhishi agqoke amagilavu ngaphambi kokuwathinta. Ngakho-ke yini ababengeke bayenze ngezilwane zasemanzini ezabashwabadela kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezazidla kamuva?
Ebala izinyembezi olwandle
Kwabaningi, lo ngumbuzo ongaziwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kudalwe amaphrojekthi afana ne-Marine Conservation Society noma isazi semvelo saseScotland uFidra, othuthukisa izinhlelo ezihloselwe ukunciphisa udoti wepulasitiki kanye nokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali olwandle, amabhishi kanye nemvelo.
Zombili lezi zinhlangano zizibophezele ekukhuthazeni ukusebenzisana komphakathi ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-Global Maps, ezikhuthaza amavolontiya avela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi engeze ama-nanoparticles atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile emabhishi awo.
Kulawa maqoqo kungenzeka ukwenza izibalo zesiqandisi, njengoba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-53 zalezi zinhlayiya ezincane ziqoqwa e-UK minyaka yonke, okwanele ukwenza amabhodlela asetshenziswa kanye ayizigidi ezingama-88. Ngokuqondene neSpain, kukhona idatha yomsebenzi wamavolontiya emabhishi aseBalearic Islands, Canary Islands, Valencia, Galicia, Cantabria, Asturias, Catalonia nasentshonalanga ye-Andalusia. Kulezi, idatha ekhathazayo kakhulu yayiyi-Playa Flamenca e-Valencia, lapho ama-nanoparticles angaphezu kuka-1.000 aqoqwe emaminithini angu-60.
Amanye amazwe, njengeMexico kanye namazwe amaningi aseLatin America, awanayo idatha, ngakho kungaba usizo kakhulu uma amavolontiya ezimisele ukuhlanza amabhishi awo futhi anikeze ulwazi ngezinyembezi ze-mermaid ezitholakala kule nqubo. Noma ubani ofuna ukubambisana kumele afunde ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezincane kwezinye izinhlayiya ezincane, njenge i-microplastics yesibili, ama-granules, izinhlayiya ze-polystyrene noma izinsalela ezincane. Uma usuwuqonda umehluko, okumele ukwenze nje ukufaka amagilavu amahle bese uqonda ogwini lolwandle uyofuna lezi zinhlayiya zepulasitiki.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinyembezi ze-mermaid kanye nobungozi bazo.