Izinsalela zibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekwazini isikhathi esidlule sezinhlobo ezake zahlala kule planethi. Enye yezinsalela ezinganikeza ulwazi oluningi yizo izinsalela opalized. Kutholwe ucezu oluyiqanda esiqhingini saseJava e-Indonesia futhi luqukethe okuhlaba umxhwele. Kuyisinambuzane esilondolozwe ezimeni ezimangazayo esingaba neminyaka ephakathi kwezigidi ezi-4 neziyi-7 ubudala futhi lokho kuyinto eyingqayizivele etholakele kuze kube manje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezinsalela ze-opalized kanye nolwazi olukhulu abangasinika lona.
Izinsalela ze-Opalized
Kuze kube manje, izinambuzane eziningi zasendulo zitholakale ku-amber, itshe eliyigugu elenziwe ngezinsalela zezinsalela zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Lapho izilwane zivaleleke ku-resin entsha, uzozingcwaba ngokushesha ukuze ulondoloze izinsalela zazo, ngokuvamile imininingwane ethambile.
Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwemvelo kwe-opal kuhilela ukugcwala kwezixazululo ze-silica emigedeni engaphansi komhlaba izinkulungwane noma ngisho nezigidi zeminyaka, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi zingalondolozwa kanjani izinambuzane ngale ndlela.
Ingane yenyoka eneminyaka engu-99 million ubudala itholwe enhlaka, okungeyokuqala yalolu hlobo. Ifosili icishe ibe ngu-5 cm ubude futhi iqukethe ama-vertebrae angama-97. Lena ifosili yokuqala yenyoka encane ukutholwa, futhi iyinyoka yokuqala ukutholakala enhlaka. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bathole ucezu lwesikhumba senyoka esikhulile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene.
Izinsalela ezinezinambuzane
Lokhu kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa zinjalo nezinye izinto eziyinqaba nezimangazayo emvelweni ukuthi sikholelwa ukuthi azikho noma ukuthi ngokombono azinakwenzeka, kuze kube yilapho zifakazelwa ukuthi zingokoqobo. Isampula okwamanje lisezandleni zangasese futhi alikakacutshungulwa ngokuningiliziwe izazi ze-paleontologists noma izazi ze-geochemists. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqinisekisiwe, lokhu kutholakala akumeli nje kuphela umthombo ongaziwa wezinsalela ezibalulekile, kungase futhi kushintshe ukuqonda kwethu amatshe ayigugu athandwayo.
Lesi sifanekiso saziwa ukuthi sikhona kusukela ngo-2017, kanye nesithombe sesinambuzane sesibili esingase sibe khona ku-opal esivela emayini ye-Java efanayo naso sabonwa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukubone esithombeni kuphela futhi ungazange ushicilele ucwaningo lwesayensi, kunzima kuwe ukuveza umbono onembile ngalokhu.
Izinsalela eziningi ze-opal zitholwe e-Lighting Ridge e-Australia, nakuba inqubo ihlukile. Lapho isixazululo se-silica sigcwalisa isikhala senhlabathi esithathwe amathambo namazinyo futhi siphenduka i-opal, lezi zinsalela "zokubuyisela" ziyakhiwa, njenge-gelatin esikhunjeni. Phil Bell, isazi se-paleontologist eNyuvesi yaseNew England e-Armidale, Muva nje i-Australia ichaze uhlobo olusha lwe- dinosaur ezingxenyeni zezinsalela eziye zaguqulwa zaba ama- opal ngale ndlela.
Izinsalela ze-opalized zihambe emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka, zichotshoziwe, zishisiwe, njll. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka, kuvamile ukungabaza umbono wokuthi izinambuzane zigcinwa ngale ndlela. Izinsalela zokhuni ze-Opalized Javanese zivamile, okusikisela ukuthi inhlaka yezitshalo ingase ishunyekwe ku-opal.
Ukubaluleka kwezinsalela ze-opalized
Kutholwe izinsalela eziningi ze-opal e-Lighting Ridge e-Australia, nakuba inqubo ihlukile. Lapho isixazululo se-silica sigcwalisa isikhala senhlabathi esithathwe amathambo namazinyo futhi siphenduka i-opal, lezi zinsalela "zokubuyisela" ziyakhiwa, njenge-gelatin esikhunjeni. UPhil Bell, isazi se-paleontology e-University of New England e-Armidale, e-Australia, muva nje uchaze uhlobo olusha lwe- dinosaur ezingxenyeni zezinsalela ezase ziphendulwe zaba ama- opal ngale ndlela.
Izinsalela ze-opalized zihambe emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka, zichotshoziwe, zishisiwe, njll. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka, kuvamile ukungabaza umbono wokuthi izinambuzane zigcinwa ngale ndlela. Izinsalela zokhuni ze-Opalized Javanese zivamile, iphakamisa ukuthi i-resin yezitshalo ingase ifakwe ku-opal.
Ama-opals avame ukuvala izikhala. Kulokhu, i-trunk ingaphenduka i-opal futhi ingxenye yayo ye-amber ingabanjwa. Isifanekiso esaziwayo senhlaka yaseCanada sagcwalisa imifantu ngocezu lokhuni, olwabe seluphenduka lube yisilika ngaphandle. Isifanekiso esisha kungenzeka sidlule kunqubo efanayo, kodwa kusaqagela kuze kube yilapho ukuhlaziya amakhemikhali futhi abacwaningi beqinisekisa ngokucophelela ukulondolozwa kwezinambuzane.
abakwa-Amoni
Izinsalela zama-Amonite zivela kuma-ammonite avela kuma-cephalopod mollusks. Lezi zidalwa zahlala emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule, kuze kube yiminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-65 edlule, i-meteorite enkulu ububanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-10 buqothule u-70% wezinhlobo zezilwane emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa nomlingiswa wethu. Kodwa ngisho nezidalwa ezithobekile zingawenza uphawu emhlabeni.
Nakuba isimo silula uma kuqhathaniswa, izinsalela ze-ammonite zinikeza ingcebo yolwazi kuma-paleontologists futhi ingasetshenziswa ukunquma iminyaka nokucwaninga kokwakheka kwamadwala ngezinye izikhathi.
Ama-Amonite ayizilwane zasolwandle ezachuma ngeNkathi ye-Paleozoic ne-Mesozoic, ayizihlobo ezingasekho ze-squid, i-octopus, i-cuttlefish, ne-nautilus esiyaziyo namuhla. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele segobolondo, ziyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi igobolondo lihlukaniswe uchungechunge lwamakamelo omoya.
Umoya wenza izilwane zijabule futhi ama-ammonite asebenzisa i-jet propulsion ukuhamba olwandle njengama-cephalopods esimanje.
Njengoba ama-ammonite ehlala endaweni yasolwandle kuphela, ukuba khona kwawo kubonisa indawo yezilwandle zangaphambi komlando njengoLwandle LwaseTethys. Izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezilwane ziye zachazwa futhi zisatshalaliswa cishe ezizukulwaneni eziyi-1.800 ngezindlela ezahlukene. I-Ammonite isilwane sasolwandle esivikelwe igobolondo elilodwa elakhiwe ngeminerali ebizwa ngokuthi i-aragonite, ngokuvamile elimele endaweni eyisicaba, efinyelela kumamitha angu-2 ububanzi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinsalela ze-opalized, ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nolwazi ongasinika lona mayelana nezilwane zesikhathi esidlule.