Siphila ezweni elinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo, futhi kuzo zonke zazo kunezitshalo ezithile nezinqwaba zezitshalo ezenza iSpain izwe lesibili laseYurophu elinamahlathi amaningi kakhulu, enamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-26,27, amele ama-57% endawo.
Kodwa, Yiziphi izinhlobo zamahlathi eSpain?
Amahlathi esiwathola lapha awela ezifundeni ezimbili zezimila nezimila, okuyi-Eurosiberian neMedithera. Ake sibone ukuthi zihluke kanjani:
Isifunda sase-Eurosiberian
Lesi sifunda simelela indawo ye-Atlantic, esenyakatho nePortugal, edlula eGalicia, i-Principality of Asturias, iCantabria, izwe laseBasque, kanye nentshonalanga nesenkabeni yePyrenees. Isimo sezulu lapha sinomswakama, sithanjiswe ithonya lasolwandle, ngobusika obumnene kuya obubandayo lapho kubhalwa khona amakhaza abalulekile. (kufika ku -18ºC). Cishe azikho izikhathi zesomiso, ngakho-ke indawo ihlala iluhlaza okotshani, ngaphandle kwasekwindla, okuyilapho izihlahla ezinqabayo zishintsha umbala zingabi namaqabunga ngokuphelele ukuze zikwazi ukunqoba ubusika.
Izinhlobo zehlathi kule ndawo yilezi:
- Izihlahla ze-Beech: i-beech (I-Fagus sylvatica), yizihlahla ezimele kakhulu ezisenyakatho yeSpain. Zikhula phakathi kuka-800 no-1500m wokuphakama, emhlabathini opholile, one-asidi encane.
- Izihlahla ze-oki: ama-oki, ikakhulukazi i-carballo (I-Quercus robur), ikhula endaweni yase-Atlantic, kuze kufike ku-600m altitude.
- Izihlahla zeBirch: Izihlahla zeBirch zakha amahlathi amancane ekuhlanzweni kwe-beech, enhlabathini ene-asidi.
- Izihlahla zemisayidi: umuthi omhlophe (U-Abies alba) isezintabeni zePyrenees, ukusuka eNavarra kuya eMontseny, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisukela ku-700 kuye ku-1700m.
Isifunda saseMedithera
Lesi sifunda simele enye ingxenye yesifundazwe, kanye neBalearic Islands. Lapha inkathi eyomile ibonakala kakhulu, futhi ingahlala ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine. Imvula ingaba kusuka ku-1500mm kuye ngaphansi kuka-350mm, futhi kwenzeka into efanayo nangesithwathwa: kuya ngendawo, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku -15ºC noma ngaphezulu angarekhodwa, noma ngokuphambene kungenzeka kungabi khona amakhaza kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, bese unenye efinyelela ku -4ºC. Ngokwesinye isandla, Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaba ngu-30ºC noma ngaphezulu, futhi angafinyelela ku-42ºC.
Izinhlobo zehlathi kule ndawo yilezi:
- I-Melojares: kuphi i- I-Quercus pyrenaica (noma i-melojos). Banobunikazi be-subatlantic, futhi basuka ku-700 kuye ku-1600m wokuphakama.
- Amahlathi eRiparian: yilezo lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezinamanzi, zizigcine zibonga umswakama onomphela wenhlabathi.
- I-Pinsapares: lolu hlobo lwehlathi kulapho i-fir Mediterranean ihlala khona (abies pinsapo), ezintabeni zaseMalaga naseCádiz. Kuyihlathi eliminyene futhi elimnyama, elinemvula eningi kakhulu (cishe ngo-2000-3000mm), esendaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwe-1000m.
- Ama-oki e-Holmizihlahla ze-holm (I-Quercus ilex) izihlahla zingenye yezihlahla ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi ezingazweli. Zikhula zisuka olwandle ziye ku-1400m, ngakho-ke zakha amahlathi ngisho nasogwini.
- Izihlahla zikakhokho: la mahlathi athatha amahektha ayisigidi eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Zikhula enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ngesimo sezulu esipholile esinemvula ejwayelekile.
- Ama-Quejigares: AmaQuejigares ajwayelekile e-Andalusia, kepha ungawathola naseCatalonia.
- Izihlahla zikaphayini: amaphayini akhula kusuka olwandle afike ku-2400m. ESpain sithola ngaphezu kwawo wonke uphayini omnyama (UPinus uncinata) kanye ne-Scots pine (UPinus sylvestris).
- Ama-Sabinares: Amajunipha akhula emathafeni angaphakathi nezwe, imvamisa angaphezulu kuka-900m wokuwa. Zivumelaniswa nesimo sezulu sezwekazi, nobusika obubandayo namakhaza ashisa kakhulu.
- Isihlava sezintaba eziphakeme zaseMedithera: ezintabeni eziphakeme zaseMedithera, ngaphezulu kwe-1700m yokuphakama, ubusika bunzima kakhulu futhi buhlala isikhathi eside. Lapho iqhwa linyamalala, umhlabathi uyoma masisha ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuqinile namazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo.
Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zehlathi eSpain?